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Leeds MBCHB Year 4 Peads > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

4 functional areas of development

A

Gross motor
Vision and fine motor
Hearing, speech and language
Social emotional and behavioural

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2
Q

Crawling begins at what age (median)

A

8-9 months

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3
Q

Limit age for sitting without support

A

9 months

6-8 is median

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4
Q

Limit age for unsteady walking

A

18 months

12 median

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5
Q

Limit age for following objects

A

3 months

6 weeks median

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6
Q

Limit age for reaching out for toys

A

6 months

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7
Q

Limit age for transferring toys from one hand to another

A

9 months

7 months median

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8
Q

Limit age for pincer grip

A

12 months

10 months median

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9
Q

Limit age for smiling responsively

A

8 weeks

6 median

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10
Q

Limit age for symbolic play

A
  1. 5 years

1. 5-2 years median

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11
Q

As part of a development exam, you place the child on its back on the floor

What would you observe at each age?

A

Head control - 3 months
sit unaided - 6 months
Stands with assistance - 9 months
Walks - 15 months

Crawls - 8 months

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12
Q

As part of a development exam, you hand the child a few bricks. What would you observe at each age?

A

Palmar grip - 6 months
Transfers - 6 months
Pincer grip - 9 months

3 cube tower - 18 months

Bridge - 3 years

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13
Q

As part of a development exam, you hand the child a pen. What would you expect to see at different ages?

A

Scribbles - 1.5 years
Lines - 2 years
Circle - 3 years
Cross - 4 years

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14
Q

As part of a development exam, you say various noises. What would you expect at each age?

A

Turns to sounds - 7 months

Turns to name - 12 months

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15
Q

As part of a development exam, what noises would you expect a child to make a each age?

A

Babble - 6 months
Single word - 9 months
Mummy and daddy - 12 months
2 word sentences - 2 years

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16
Q

At what the should a child be able to follow an instruction such as “put the brick in the cup”

A

2 years

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17
Q

How would you carry out a development exam

A

WIPE, ask patents concerns
Places on back - motor
Offer bricks, offer pen - fine motor and vision
Make noises, get child to make noise - hearing and language

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18
Q

As part of a development exam, what interaction would you expect at different ages?

A 
Smile - 1.5 months
Laughs - 3 months
Stranger anxiety - 9 months
Peek a boo - 9 months
Waves bye - 12 months
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19
Q

As part of a development exam, at what age would you expect dietary changes

A

Solids - 6 months

Fork and spoon - 2 years

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20
Q

Breast vs bottle and for how long

A

Exclusive breast for first 6 months of life

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21
Q

Is overfeeding more common in breast or bottle

A

Bottle

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22
Q

Type of feeding that reduces risk of sudden infant death syndrome

A

Breast

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23
Q

Benefits of breast feeding

A

Free
Antibodies
Lowers risk of: infections, sudden infant death

Reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancer in mum

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24
Q

Most reliable sign of dehydration in babies

A

Weight loss - especially in first 10 days

Clinical exam unreliable

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25
Normal amount of weight loss and in what period for bottle fed babies
5% in 5 days
26
Normal amount of weight loss and in what period for breast fed babies
10% in 5 days
27
Formula fed babies dose of milk after 5 days
150ml per kg
28
Feeding volumes in babies by day:
60mls/kg/day in day 1 90mls/kg/day in day 2 120mls/kg/day in day 3 150mls/kg/day in day 4 and onwards
29
How often will newborns require feeding
Every 2-3 hours
30
Age that weaning starts
6 months
31
3 measurements on growth chart
Weight, hight and head circumference
32
3 phases of growth and which is quickest
0-2: rapid growth by nutritional factors 2-puberty: slow growth Puberty: rapid growth by sex hormones
33
Overweight definition on growth chart
BMI > 85th centile Obese BMI > 95th centile
34
NICE definition of faltering growth
Weight drops over: 1 centile if birthweight below 9th 2 centiles if birthweight 9-91st 3 centiles if birthweight over 91st
35
5 groups of causes of failure to thrive
``` Inadequate nutritional intake Difficulty feeding Malabsorption Increased energy requirements Inability to process nutrients ```
36
Cause of malabsorption in children
CF, coeliacs, cows milk intolerance, chronic diarrhoea, IBD
37
Causes of difficulty in feeding in children
Cleft lip, poor suck (cerebral palsy), pyloric stenosis
38
Causes of increased energy requirements in children
Hypothyroidism, chronic disease, malignancy, infection
39
NICE state that all children with faltering growth should have:
Urine dipstick for UTI Anti TTG ab
40
Short stature definition
Below 2nd centile
41
Constitutional delay in growth and puberty definition
Short stature in childhood when compared to peers Puberty delayed Growth spurt in puberty lasts longer Reach expected height
42
Key feature of constitutional delay in growth and puberty
Delayed bone age
43
Common causes of short stature
Familial Constitutional delay in growth and puberty Malnutrition Chronic disease: IBD, coeliac, congenital heart defects Hypothyroidism, Downs, Achondroplasia (lack of cartilage)
44
Type of developmental delay
Global, gross motor, fine motor, language, personal/social
45
Causes of global developmental delay
``` Downs syndrome Fragile X Rett syndrome (severe mental and physical disabilities - classic random but repeating hand movements that stop when asleep) Fetal alcohol syndrome Metabolic disorders ```
46
Causes of fine motor delay
``` Cerebal palsy Ataxia Myopathy Spina bifida Visual impairments ```
47
Causes of language delay
Hearing impairment, learning disability, neglect, autism, cerebral palsy
48
Dyslexia definition
Difficulty in reading, writing and spelling
49
Dysgraphia definition
Difficulty in writing
50
Dyspraxia definition
Difficulty in co-ordination
51
How are learning difficulties classified
IQ (less than 70)
52
4 key parts of capacity
Understand, retain, weigh up, communicate
53
Order of puberty in girls and length
4 years Breasts, pubic hair and periods (2 years after starting)
54
Kallman syndrome presentation
Failure to start puberty with no smell | Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
55
2 genetic causes of delayed puberty
Kleinfeldern syndrome XXY | Turners XO
56
Baby can support head and keep it in line with body
4 months
57
Baby can keep trunk supported
6 months
58
Baby can sit unsupported
9 months
59
Starts crawling
9 months
60
"Cruising" i.e. walking while holding onto furniture
12 months
61
Walk unaided
15 months Red flag at 2 years
62
Squat and pick item up off floor
18 months
63
Run
2 years
64
Kick a ball
2 years
65
Hop
4 years
66
Climb stairs properly like an adult
4 years
67
Can start using a spoon
14- 18 months
68
Can hold crayon and scribble
12 months
69
Drawing skills by age
``` 2 years: vertical 2.5 years: horizontal 3 years: circle 4 years: cross and square 5 years: triangle ```
70
What age can a child cut paper in half using scissors
4 years

Leeds MBCHB Year 4 Peads (21 decks)

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