Development Flashcards
(22 cards)
Define development
A country’s progress in terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare
Define Quality of Life
the standard of health and happiness experienced by an individual or group
Define Standard of Living
The degree of wealth and material comfort available to an individual or group
What is HDI? What are its 3 factors?
Human Development Index
A composite (social and economic) measure of development displaying
- Life expectancy (health)
- Years in education (education)
- GNI per capita (income)
What scale is HDI measured in?
0-1
The closer to 1 the better the HDI
Why is HDI a good indicator of development?
It takes into account both social and economic factors
Development Gap
The difference in standards of living and wellbeing between the world’s richest and poorest countries (HICs and LICs).
Define Infant mortality rate
The number of children who die before the age of 1 per 1000 live births
Define Literacy Rate
% of the population over 15 who can read or write
Define Birth Rate
The number of births per 1000 per year
Define Death rate
The number of deaths per 1000 per year
What are the limitations of different measures of development in general?
The indicators are averages; figures may disguise inequalities within a country (the wealth of a country could not be evenly distributed, the minority could skew the data). E.g Countries with high oil revenues give a high GNI per capita, e.g. Libya
Countries with corrupt governments could provide incorrect data.
Data may be genuinely difficult to collect, particularly in rural areas - often quite inaccessible
Name a country in Stage 5 of the Demographic Transition Model
Japan
Which stage of the demographic transition model is the UK in?
4
Describe the features of a population pyramid for an LIC
Narrow top
Wide base
Describe the features of a population pyramid for a HIC
Wider top
Narrower base
(more consistent throughout)
What does GNI stand for?
Gross National Income
Total annual income of a country including money earned abroad
Usually expressed per capita
What is infrastructure?
structures and facilities serving an area’s economy including those necessary for it’s economy to function e.g roads, rail, telecommunications and electricity
What is GNI (Gross National Income) ?
Total annual income of a country including money earned abroad
Usually expressed per capita
Name the 3 broad causes of unequal development
Physical - e.g. landlocked (no sea trade), frequent natural hazards
Economic - e.g. global trade favours richer nations (as rules like tariffs and quotas are often set by them)
Historical - e.g. colonialism allowed European countries to develop rapidly by stealing labour and resources, leaving colonised countries with weak economies, poor infrastructure and divided (artificial boarders, corrupt governments and civil war)
Give three broad consequences of unequal development
Disparities in wealth
Disparities in health
Migration
What is development?
The economic and social progress of an area including bettering human welfare and technology use
Progress of an area in terms of wealth and human welfare
