General Tropical Storms - Paper 1 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Give two requirements of the water for tropical storms to form
Warm - over 27 degrees
At least 50m deep
Describe the formation of a tropical storm
Warm water (over 27 degrees) evaporates.
This now warm, moist air rises, cools and condenses to form thunderstorm clouds.
Earth’s spinning then starts the spinning of the storm.
Days of more evaporation adding more heat and energy will make this into a tropical storm, which, when blown across the ocean by winds, continues to pick up heat energy.
When the tropical storm hits land, it loses its source of energy (warm water) so dies out.
What is the source of a tropical storm’s energy?
Warm water
What causes the clouds to start spinning?
The spinnning of the Earth (Coriolis effect)
Why does water need to be over 27 degrees for a tropical storm to form?
So that the water can evaporate, rise and, when it then cools, condense to form thunderstorm clouds in the sky
What allows a storm to gain energy?
Days of movement over warm water by the wind where it picks up heat energy
What causes a tropical storm to die out?
Hitting land because it loses its source of energy (warm water)
Roughly how wide can a tropical storm get?
Up to 300 miles (including smaller rainbands either side of the eye wall)
Describe conditions in the eye of a tropical storm
Calm (no winds) and warm
While there are typically clear skies, you don’t need to say this
What can be found beyond the eye wall?
Smaller rainbands with heavy bursts of wind and rain (with dry areas between)
What can be found around the eye (the centre of the tropical storm)?
The eye wall - tall banks of clouds with strong winds and heavy rainfall
What are conditions like in the eye wall?
Strong winds
Heavy rain
Why might tropical storms become more frequent with climate change?
Increasing ocean temperatures may allow more storms to form
(more will be above 27 degrees for longer)
What effect may climate change have on tropical storms?
Increased intensity as increased ocean temperatures provide storms with more energy
Changing distribution as climate change increases ocean temperatures and could extend formation zones further north and south (of the equator)
Potentially increased frequency as more water will be above 27 degrees and for longer so more storms can form
Give the acronym for how to reduce the effects of tropical storms
MPPP
Monitoring and Prediction
Protection
Planning
What does MP of MPPP mean? Give an example
Monitoring and Prediction
Ways in which hazards can be monitored (e.g. typhoons with satellites) and thus areas of it will impact predicted (e.g. typhoon path) in order to give areas more time to prepare, perhaps through evacuation
Typhoon Haiyan was monitored with satellites which enabled its likely path to be predicted.
What does the final two ‘P’s of MPPP mean? Give examples
Protection - physical methods of reducing hazard impacts, e.g. storm shelters or sea walls
Planning - more cost-effective, training and procedure basedmethods of reducing tropical storm impacts, e.g. signposting evacuation routes, or running school disater drills
State what is meant by the primary effects of tropical storms. (1 mark)
Primary effects are those which result directly from the tropical storm, like destruction of infrastructure
If the Q was ‘State what is meant by primary effects of a hazard. (1 mark)’, the answer would instead be ‘those which result directly from a hazard’
Identify one primary effect of tropical storms from the list (1 mark)
* Loss of Employment
* Spread of disease
* Flooding
* Homelessness
Flooding
