Development

Question 1

What does APGAR stand for and what is it used for?

Answer 1

A-Appearance
P-Pulse
G-Grimace
A-Activity
R-Respiration
**Used to predict likelihood of immediate survival**

Question 2

Which country has the highest rate of premature births and why?

Answer 2

United States; because there is no free prenatal care

Question 3

What are 3 possible postpartum reactions?

Answer 3

Baby blues, major depression and postpartum psychosis

Question 4

Name the 3 spheres of development and the pattern in which they develop.

Answer 4

motor, social, verbal/cognitive; cephalad to caudad and central to peripheral

Question 5

Developments from infancy to 18 months

Answer 5

social smile at 12 weeks
stranger anxiety at 9 months
attachment
separation anxiety after object permanence

Question 6

Describe the concept of psychoimmunology.

Answer 6

when children don’t have a caretaker to form an attachment with they are more prone to infections (weakened immune system)

Question 7

Name the 4 reflexes that are normally present in infants but not adults.

Answer 7

rooting
palmar grasp
moro
babinski

Question 8

Developments from 18 months to 3 years.

Answer 8

rapprochment- moves away but quickly returns
parallel play
at 3-spend a few hours away from care taker
Gender Identity by age 3

Question 9

At what age to children gain control over their bowel? Bladder?

Answer 9

bowel- 4

bladder-5

Question 10

At what age do children understand gender roles?

Answer 10

5-6

Question 11

Developments from 3 to 6 years old

Answer 11

sibling rivalry
regression
vocabulary increases dramatically
fantasy life
cooperative play at 4
fear of bodily injury
playing Dr.

Question 12

Milestones at 6 years old.

Answer 12

development of conscience (superego)
sense of morality
lying is wrong
empathy
finality of death

Question 13

Developments from 7-11

Answer 13

Lifelong sense of competence
capacity for logical thought
learning problems are identified
Acting out

Question 14

Are relationships with peers from age 7-11 usually with same sex or opposite sex? With which parent do they identify?

Answer 14

same sex; same sex

Question 15

Why are board games popular in school age children?

Answer 15

understand “fairness” and become more flexible with rules

Question 16

At what age to children begin to understand the universality of death?

Answer 16

9

Question 17

What changes are occurring in the brain during adolescence?

Answer 17

myelination, pruning of synaptic connections and restructuring frontal and parietal lobes

Question 18

Developments in early adolescence (11-14)

Answer 18

puberty
first menstruation 11-14
first ejaculation 12-15
more obedient

Question 19

Developments in middle adolescence (15-17)

Answer 19

body image and popularity
spend time with friends instead of family
risk taking behavior
autonomy/need for privacy

Question 20

Developments in late adolescence (18-20)

Answer 20

indenity crisis
role confusion
develop abstraction

Question 21

Approximately what percentage of sexually active teens use contraceptives?

Answer 21

less than 1/2

Question 22

Name 3 risk factors for teenage pregnancy; approximately how many girls get pregnant before age 20

Answer 22

depression
poor school achievement
divorced parent
(1/3 of girls)

Question 23

Is it ethical and legal to provide minors with sexual counseling and birth control without parental knowledge?

Answer 23

YES

Question 24

Which 3 disorders can affect development?

Answer 24

mental retardation, downs syndrome, and fragile x syndrome

Question 25

Do married men live shorter or longer than unmarried men?

Answer 25

longer

Question 26

Approximately what % of marriages end in divorce and what factors can increase this %?

Answer 26

50%; when one of spouses is a physician, female, psychiatry, short courtship, pregnancy before marriage, prior divorce in family, serious illness in child

Question 27

What are children of divorced parents more at risk for?

Answer 27

``` school failure depression drug abuse suicide criminal activity divorce ```

Question 28

When children are adopted in what age group, they are more at risk for behavioral problems?

Answer 28

anytime after infancy

Question 29

Which age group is defined as the "sandwich generation"?

Answer 29

Age 40-65; responsibilities to both older and younger generation

Question 30

What age group is the "midlife crisis" common in and why?

Answer 30

age 40-65; more life behind than ahead

Question 31

What are the normal developments that occur in middle adulthood?

Answer 31

women-menopause, vasomotor instability, fatigure, sleep problems men-muscle strength, endurance, sexual performance

Question 32

What are the losses that occur with aging?

Answer 32

social status death of spouses, family and friends decline in health

Question 33

Where do most senior citizens live?

Answer 33

independently (assisted living)

Question 34

Neurological changes with aging.

Answer 34

``` decreased cerebral blood flow, brain weight amyloid plaques Intelligence stays the same decreased NT availability more sensitive to side effects more depression ```

Question 35

Which 4 psychological disorders are common in the elderly?

Answer 35

depression (with increasing suicide rates) anxiety alcohol/substance abuse delirium

Question 36

What are the 5 stages of dying?

Answer 36

``` denial anger bargaining depression acceptance ```

Question 37

How is abnormal bereavement differentiated from normal?

Answer 37

denial in abnormal lasts longer than days-weeks symptoms intensify or persist over time suicidal thinking hallucinations