Development Flashcards
(25 cards)
Development indicators
Life expectancy
Birth rate
Death rate
Adult literacy rates
GDP
Infant mortality rate
Percent of children going to school
Percent of people working in agriculture
Calories consumed per person
Internet users
Access to safe water
What is human development index
A social indicator using 4 indicators: life expectancy, education (literacy level), average length of school and GDP. The average of them gives HDI between 0 low and 1 highest
How dose the government affect development
Poor governments have a high level of corruption which means money is not distributed best or fairly to benefit the people preventing development
How do free elections correlate to HDI using examples
Switzerland had the top HDI and free elections meaning the government is held accountable. They have a high GDP because of high levels of healthcare and education.
Burundi has a low HDI (187) and there is no free elections so the government has no accountability and dosnt put things in place to help development.
Why dose war make development difficult
Money is spent on weapons and rebuilding
Working age people are going to war instead of building the economy
Hospitals are filled by soldiers
How dose a population pyramid show development
A narrow base reflects a low birth rate and low fertility rate. A high level of development means women can have a career and contraception is widely available so less births happen
The sides of the pyramid show the working age and economically active population.
A wide top shows a longer life expectancy indicating good medical care, diet and living standards.
What is the Brant line and why is it outdated
A imaginary line separating the wealthy countries northern hemisphere known as global north. (These countries have the highest level of development and GDP) and the poorer global south (with low income and developing )
The Brent line was made in the 80s
Many countries are no longer classified as poor such as India and china
There is now also emerging countries which the line doesn’t include
What are the brics
Countries with rapid industrialisation
Brazil
Russia
India
China
South Africa
What is the cycle of poverty
Because countries are poor they cannot export goods or invest money in businesses or education so they don’t earn money so the government does not get tax and people can’t work due to sickness so heathcare and education don’t improve so the country stays poor
What is rostows model
5 stages of development that that correspond to GDP increases 1960s
Traditional society (agriculture)
Pre industrial take off (shift to manufacturing)
Take off (height of Industrial Revolution)
Drive to maturity (tech and consumer goods)
Age of mass consumption (comfort)
What is franks dependency theory
There are two types of countries the core and periphery
The core depends on the periphery for raw materials
The periphery depends in the core to sell its goods
This gives developed countries power and makes the rich richer and poor poorer
Shows neocolonialism
What is the Clark fisher model
3 stages of development showing what jobs are popular during each
Preindustrial, dominated by primary sector
Industrial, dominated by secondary sector
Post industrial dominated by tertiary and quaternary sectors
What are the 12 types of aid
Emergency aid
Food aid
Multilateral aid (from multiple countries or organisations)
Tied aid (trade links)
Sustainable development aid
Non-government organisation
Bilateral aid (one country to another)
Voluntary aid (public and non-govs)
Short term aid
Top down aid
Long term aid
Bottom up development
What is debt relief
Reducing or cancelling debt for developing countries
What is top down development
Big government projects
All decisions are made at government level
Experts plan the project
Expensive so money is often borrowed
Local people are only informed
Locals have little to no say
What is irrigation
Artificial watering if land helping farming
What is a monsoon
Very heavy rain
What is bottom up development
Small scale projects
The needs of local communities are established
Work completed by NGO’s
Locals are involved and gain skills
Cheap
Local people have the control in improving their lives
What is globalisation
The way people and places across the world have become more closely linked
What are trans national country’s
Companies that operate in more than one country such as primark
What is foreign direct investment
When TNCs invest their money in locating factories overseas in countries like India e.g Apple
What are the 4 main ways we see globalisation in trade
Air travel is more expensive than sea but for value products like jewelry and fresh fruit air travel is essential so trade is quick
Containerisation is the way most ships carry there products as they are quick and easier to get to ports and be unloaded. They contain textiles, clothing and footwear
The internet and mobile communications has revolutionised hoe we work trade and interact. Improves the sharing of information and cultures
Shipping transports 90 percent of good internationally so are fuel efficient. These ships carry large containers full of goods
What are the positives and negatives of economic development for different groups
Elderly people will have a higher life expectancy but have to adapt a lot to rapid change. They may be left with the children of those going to the city
Women are more likely to develop careers resulting in fewer children and less manage pressures. The jobs for them often have harsh conditions and low pay or if men move to the city for work they are left with all the children. Still unsafe
Young men have employment but may have dangerous jobs with poor conditions
Children may get more of an education but there’s not always enough teachers and may need to work instead
