Development Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
What fine motor and vision milestone is typical at 6 weeks?
A
Infants begin to fixate on nearby objects and track them for short distances. This reflects the initial coordination between their eyes and brain.
2
Q
How do 6-week-old infants respond to sound?
A
They startle to loud noises, which indicates a functioning auditory pathway. Persistent absence of this reflex may warrant a hearing evaluation.
3
Q
What is the first social development milestone at 6 weeks?
A
The social smile, a response to human faces and interaction, emerges at this stage, highlighting early emotional and social connectivity.
4
Q
By 3 months, what gross motor milestone is achieved?
A
Infants gain better head control when held upright and can follow objects 180° horizontally, an early indicator of motor coordination.
5
Q
What is a notable fine motor skill at 3 months?
A
Babies can grasp objects briefly if placed in their hands, showing the beginnings of voluntary motor control.
6
Q
How do 3-month-old infants respond to auditory stimuli?
A
They turn their heads towards sounds at ear level, which is a sign of improved sound localization.
7
Q
What social behaviors are seen at 3 months?
A
Laughter begins, signaling social engagement. Infants also exhibit interest in their hands and faces.
8
Q
At 6 months, what gross motor milestone is reached?
A
Babies can roll over both ways (from prone to supine and vice versa) and sit with support, which are crucial steps towards independent mobility.
9
Q
What fine motor skills develop at 6 months?
A
They transfer objects between hands and use their mouth to explore items, laying the groundwork for hand-eye coordination.
10
Q
What new sounds do 6-month-old infants make?
A
Babbling emerges, often with repetitive sounds like ‘ba-ba’ or ‘da-da,’ an important precursor to language development.
11
Q
What social development occurs at 6 months?
A
Stranger anxiety begins as babies recognize familiar versus unfamiliar faces, a sign of cognitive and emotional growth.
12
Q
What gross motor skills are typical at 9 months?
A
Babies begin crawling, pulling to stand, and cruising along furniture, showcasing advanced motor skills.
13
Q
What is a key fine motor skill at 9 months?
A
The pincer grasp develops, enabling them to pick up small objects between their thumb and forefinger, crucial for self-feeding.
14
Q
What sounds do 9-month-old infants make?
A
They say ‘mama’ or ‘baba’ indiscriminately and mimic sounds, indicating vocal experimentation.
15
Q
What interactive play is common at 9 months?
A
Babies engage in peekaboo, a game that reflects early understanding of object permanence.
16
Q
By 12 months, what gross motor milestone is typical?
A
Most babies walk unsteadily with a wide gait, a significant step toward independent movement.
17
Q
What fine motor skills develop by 12 months?
A
They achieve a mature pincer grip and begin using utensils like a spoon for feeding.
18
Q
What speech milestone is reached at 12 months?
A
Babies say 2-3 meaningful words beyond ‘mama’ and ‘dada,’ often using gestures to complement communication.
19
Q
What social development is seen at 12 months?
A
Imitative play becomes prominent, such as pretending to use a phone or sweep the floor.
20
Q
At 18 months, what gross motor skills are developed?
A
Toddlers can walk independently, climb stairs with assistance, and begin to run with improved balance.
21
Q
What fine motor abilities are typical at 18 months?
A
They build a tower of three blocks and engage in spontaneous scribbling, demonstrating fine motor refinement.
22
Q
What is the vocabulary range for an 18-month-old?
A
Most toddlers have a vocabulary of 6-10 words and can point to body parts when asked.
23
Q
What type of play emerges at 18 months?
A
Symbolic play, such as feeding a doll or pretending to drink, becomes evident.
24
Q
What gross motor milestones are achieved by 2 years?
A
Children run safely, jump with both feet, and climb onto furniture independently.
25
What fine motor skills develop by 2 years?
They can draw vertical lines and build a tower of six blocks.
26
How do 2-year-olds communicate?
They form 2-3 word phrases, such as 'want cookie,' marking the emergence of early grammar.
27
What social development is typical at 2 years?
Parallel play emerges, where children play alongside peers without direct interaction.
28
What gross motor milestones are reached by 3 years?
By 3 years, children walk stairs with alternating feet, run steadily, jump with both feet, climb well, pedal a tricycle, throw a ball overhead, catch a large ball, and balance briefly on one foot, demonstrating improved coordination and motor control.
29
What fine motor skills are seen at 3 years?
They can draw circles and construct a bridge using blocks, demonstrating problem-solving skills.
30
How do 3-year-olds express themselves?
They use 3-4 word sentences, recognize basic colors, and follow two-step instructions.
31
What social skills develop at 3 years?
Group play begins, and they often engage in pretend roles, such as playing house.
32
What fine motor abilities develop at 4 years?
They draw squares and copy a cross shape, showcasing increased precision.
33
How do 4-year-olds communicate?
They tell simple stories, ask 'why' questions, and know personal details like their address.
34
What social behaviors are typical at 4 years?
Cooperative play is well-developed, and they can dress themselves with minimal assistance.
35
What gross motor milestones are achieved by 5 years?
They can skip, balance on one foot for 10 seconds, and ride a bicycle with training wheels.
36
What fine motor skills are typical at 5 years?
They draw triangles, tie shoelaces, and manage small buttons independently.
37
What communication skills are seen at 5 years?
At age 5, children typically speak in full sentences, tell simple stories, and are understood by strangers. They follow 2-3 step commands, understand time concepts, and show conversational turn-taking with an expanding vocabulary.
38
What social development is typical at 5 years?
They engage in competitive games, follow group rules, and begin to understand fairness and cooperation.
39
At what age should an infant develop head control?
Infants typically develop good head control by 4 months.
40
What is a red flag for head control development?
Persistent head lag after 4 months is a red flag indicating potential developmental concerns.
41
By what age should a child sit unsupported?
Most children can sit without support by 6 months.
42
What is a red flag for sitting unsupported?
Inability to sit without support by 9 months is considered a developmental red flag.
43
At what age is independent walking expected?
Most children begin walking independently between 12 to 15 months.
44
What is a red flag for independent walking?
Not walking by 18 months is a red flag that may indicate developmental delays.
45
What gross motor skills should a 2-year-old have?
Walk up and down stairs, one step at a time, while holding on, and run steadily.
46
When should a child begin hopping, jumping, and riding a tricycle?
Between 21-36 months.
47
When should a baby visually fix and follow objects?
By 3 months.
48
What is a red flag for visual fixation and following?
Not fixing and following visually by 6 months.
49
At what age should a child transfer objects from hand to hand?
By 6 to 7 month
50
What is a red flag for transferring objects?
Not transferring objects by 9 months.
51
By when should a mature pincer grip develop?
By 9 to 12 months.
52
What is a red flag for pincer grip development?
Absence of a pincer grip by 12 months.
53
When should a child begin circular scribbling?
By 24 months.
54
What is a significant fine motor skill for a 2-year-old?
A significant fine motor skill for a 2-year-old is the ability to stack a few blocks (typically 4–6 blocks) and begin to turn pages of a book one at a time. These skills demonstrate developing hand-eye coordination, dexterity, and control over hand movements.
55
At what age should a baby start polysyllabic babbling?
By 6 to 9 months.
56
What is a red flag for polysyllabic babbling?
A red flag for polysyllabic babbling is if a baby does not begin making polysyllabic sounds (such as "baba," "dada," or "mama") by 9 to 12 months of age. The absence of this stage could indicate potential delays in speech development or hearing issues.
57
When should consonant babbling start?
Consonant babbling typically starts around 6 to 9 months of age. At this stage, babies begin to combine consonant sounds with vowel sounds, such as "ba-ba" or "da-da," as they develop the foundational skills for speech.
58
What is a red flag for consonant babbling?
A red flag for consonant babbling is if a baby does not produce consonant sounds (such as "ba," "da," or "ma") by 12 months of age. This may indicate potential speech or language delays, and should be evaluated by a pediatrician or speech-language pathologist.
59
By what age should a child use 6 meaningful words?
By 18 months.
60
What is a red flag for meaningful words development?
Fewer than 6 words by 18 months.
61
When is joining words into phrases expected?
By 2 years.
62
What is a red flag for language development at 2.5 years?
Not forming 2-word sentences.
63
When should a baby start smiling responsively?
By 6 to 8 weeks.
64
What is a red flag for social smiling?
Lack of a social smile by 8 weeks.
65
At what age is fear of strangers typical?
Fear of strangers, also known as stranger anxiety, is typically seen around 6 to 8 months of age. This is when babies begin to recognize familiar faces and develop attachments, leading to a natural wariness of unfamiliar people.
66
When should symbolic play (e.g., pretend play) develop?
Symbolic play, or pretend play, typically begins to develop around 18 to 24 months of age. At this stage, toddlers start using objects to represent other things (e.g., using a block as a pretend phone) and engage in simple pretend scenarios (e.g., feeding a doll). This milestone reflects cognitive and social development.
67
What is a red flag for symbolic play?
Absence of symbolic play by 2-2.5 years.
68
By what age should interactive play with peers develop?
By 3-3.5 years.
69
What self-help milestone should a child achieve by 18 months?
Feeding self with a spoon.
70
What gross motor milestone should be achieved by 12 months?
By 12 months, babies typically pull to stand, stand briefly without support, and may take a few steps independently, showing increased mobility and balance.
71
What is a red flag for standing with support?
Not standing with support by 12 months.
72
What is a red flag for vision and fine motor development at 6 months?
Not reaching for objects.
73
At what age is the absence of babbling a red flag?
By 10 months.
74
What red flag is associated with social behavior at 18 months?
Not feeding self with a spoon.
75
What is the Palmar Grasp Reflex, how is it elicited, and when does it disappear?
Place fingers in the baby’s palms and press lightly. Baby flexes all fingers to grasp. Disappears by 3–4 months.
76
What is the Plantar Grasp Reflex, how is it elicited, and when does it disappear?
Touch the sole at the base of the toes. Toes curl. Disappears by 6–8 months.
77
What is the Rooting Reflex, how is it elicited, and when does it disappear?
Stroke the perioral skin near the corners of the mouth. Baby opens mouth and turns head to the stimulated side to suck. Disappears by 3–4 months.
78
What is the Moro Reflex (Startle Reflex), how is it elicited, and when does it disappear?
The Moro reflex (startle reflex) is elicited by a sudden loss of support or loud sounds, causing the baby to extend arms and legs, spread fingers, and bring arms back in a hugging motion. It typically disappears by 4 to 6 months as the nervous system matures and voluntary motor control develops. Persistent Moro reflex beyond this age may indicate neurological concerns.
79
What is the Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex, how is it elicited, and when does it disappear?
Turn the baby’s head to one side while lying supine. Arm and leg on the same side extend, while the opposite arm and leg flex. Disappears by 2 months.
80
What is the Trunk Incurvation Reflex (Galant’s Reflex), how is it elicited, and when does it disappear?
Stroke one side of the baby’s back, 1 cm from midline, from shoulder to buttocks. Spine curves toward the stimulated side. Disappears by 2 months.
81
What is the Landau Reflex, how is it elicited, and when does it disappear?
Suspend the baby prone with one hand. Baby lifts head and straightens spine. Disappears by 6 months.
82
What is the Parachute Reflex, how is it elicited, and when does it disappear?
Suspend the baby prone and lower their head toward a surface. Arms and legs extend protectively. Appears at 8 months and does not disappear.
83
What is the Positive Support Reflex, how is it elicited, and when does it disappear?
Hold the baby upright so feet touch a flat surface. Baby partially bears weight, knees and hips flex, and baby sags after 20–30 seconds. Disappears by 6 months.
84
What are the Placing and Stepping Reflexes, how are they elicited, and when do they disappear?
Hold the baby upright and touch one sole to a tabletop. Foot flexes, and the other foot steps forward. Disappears at a variable age.
85
What is a fine motor & vision milestone expected at 6 weeks?
Fixates on nearby objects: Infants begin to fixate on nearby objects and follow them briefly.
86
What is a hearing milestone expected at 6 weeks?
Startles to loud sounds: They startle to loud noises, which indicates an intact auditory pathway.
87
What is a social milestone expected at 6 weeks?
Social smile: The social smile, a response to human faces and voices, emerges.
88
What is a gross motor milestone expected at 3 months?
Head control when held upright: Infants gain better head control when held upright, reducing head lag.
89
What is a fine motor milestone expected at 3 months?
Grasps objects briefly: Babies can grasp objects briefly if placed in their hand.
90
What is a gross motor milestone expected at 6 months?
Sits with support: At 6 months, babies can sit with support and may start to sit briefly without support.
91
What is a fine motor milestone expected at 6 months?
Transfers objects: Transfers objects from one hand to another, an early sign of bilateral coordination.
92
What is a language milestone expected at 6 months?
Babbles consonants: Begins repetitive babbling such as 'ba-ba' or 'da-da'.
93
What is a social milestone expected at 6 months?
Recognizes familiar faces: Smiles at familiar people and may show stranger anxiety.
94
What is a gross motor milestone expected at 9 months?
Pulls to stand: Begins to pull to stand and may start cruising along furniture.
95
What is a fine motor milestone expected at 9 months?
Pincer grasp begins: Begins using thumb and index finger to pick up small objects.
96
What is a language milestone expected at 9 months?
Understands 'no': May stop when told 'no' and starts to associate words with meaning.
97
What is a cognitive milestone expected at 9 months?
Object permanence: Understands that objects exist even when they are not visible.
98
What is a gross motor milestone expected at 12 months?
Stands independently: Can stand without support and may take a few independent steps.
99
What is a fine motor milestone expected at 12 months?
Points with index finger: Uses index finger to point to show interest.
100
What is a language milestone expected at 12 months?
Says 1-2 words: Uses 1-2 meaningful words other than 'mama' or 'dada'.
101
What is a social milestone expected at 12 months?
Waves bye-bye: Engages in simple gestures like waving goodbye.
102
What is a gross motor milestone expected at 18 months?
Runs clumsily: Can run, though unsteady, and may fall frequently.
103
What is a fine motor milestone expected at 18 months?
Builds a tower of 2-3 blocks: Can stack 2 to 3 blocks and scribble spontaneously.
104
What is a language milestone expected at 18 months?
Says 10+ words: Speaks at least 10 words and identifies familiar objects.
105
What is a social milestone expected at 18 months?
Engages in pretend play: Starts to show pretend play, such as feeding a doll.
106
What is a gross motor milestone expected at 2 years?
Kicks a ball: Can kick a ball forward and climb onto furniture.
107
What is a fine motor milestone expected at 2 years?
Builds tower of 6 blocks: Can build a tower of about 6 blocks and turn book pages.
108
What is a language milestone expected at 2 years?
Combines 2 words: Uses 2-word phrases like 'more juice' or 'go car'.
109
What is a social milestone expected at 2 years?
Parallel play: Plays alongside other children without direct interaction.
110
What is a gross motor milestone expected at 3 years?
Rides a tricycle: Can pedal a tricycle and walk up stairs with alternating feet.
111
What is a fine motor milestone expected at 3 years?
Copies a circle: Able to copy a circle and build towers of more than 6 blocks.
112
What is a language milestone expected at 3 years?
Speaks in 3-word sentences: Uses 3-word sentences and speech is understandable to strangers.
113
What is a social milestone expected at 3 years?
Takes turns in games: Begins to take turns and show cooperative play.
114
What is a gross motor milestone expected at 4 years?
Hops on one foot: Can hop on one foot and catch a bounced ball.
115
What is a fine motor milestone expected at 4 years?
Draws a cross: Able to draw a cross and use scissors.
116
What is a language milestone expected at 4 years?
Tells stories: Can tell simple stories and use 4-5 word sentences.
117
What is a social milestone expected at 4 years?
Plays cooperatively: Plays with other children cooperatively and prefers group play.
118
What is a gross motor milestone expected at 5 years?
Skips: Can skip using alternate feet and balance on one foot for 10 seconds.
119
What is a fine motor milestone expected at 5 years?
Draws a triangle: Can draw a triangle and write some letters.
120
What is a language milestone expected at 5 years?
Speaks fluently: Speaks fluently and can define simple words.
121
What is a social milestone expected at 5 years?
Follows rules in games: Understands and follows rules; distinguishes real from pretend.
122
What is a red flag at 6 months?
No social smile: Failure to smile socially may indicate early developmental delay or visual impairment.
123
What is a red flag at 6 months?
Not rolling over: May suggest motor delay or hypotonia.
124
What is a red flag at 9 months?
No babbling: Lack of babbling may indicate hearing impairment or language delay.
125
What is a red flag at 9 months?
No response to name: Could signal autism spectrum disorder or hearing loss.
126
What is a red flag at 12 months?
Not standing with support: May indicate gross motor delay.
127
What is a red flag at 12 months?
No gestures like waving or pointing: Could be an early sign of autism.
128
What is a red flag at 18 months?
No single words: Language delay should be evaluated.
129
What is a red flag at 18 months?
Not walking independently: May indicate gross motor delay or neuromuscular disorder.
130
What is a red flag at 2 years?
No 2-word phrases: A key milestone for language development; delay warrants evaluation.
131
What is a red flag at 2 years?
Persistent toe walking: May be a sign of neurological disorder or autism.
132
What is a red flag at 3 years?
Unintelligible speech: Speech should be mostly understandable to strangers.
133
What is a red flag at 3 years?
Not engaging in play with others: May suggest social communication disorder or autism.
