Development

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

Unit of hereditary transmission

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

Strands of DNA wound around each other in a double-helix configuration

Question 3

Heritability

Answer 3

A measure of the variability of behavioral traits among individuals that can be accounted for by genetic factors

Question 4

Developmental Psycholgy

Answer 4

The study of continuity and change across the lifespan… from infancy to childhood to adolescence to adulthood

Question 5

Cognitive Devolpment

Answer 5

the emergence of the ability to think and understand

Question 6

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 6

infants acquire information about the world by sensing it an moving around within it (Ages 0-2)

Question 7

Schemas

Answer 7

theories about or models of the way the world works

Question 8

Assimilation

Answer 8

the process by which infants apply their schemas in novel situations

Question 9

Accomodation

Answer 9

The process by which infants revise their schemas in light of new information

Question 10

Object permanence

Answer 10

the idea that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible

Question 11

Childhood

Answer 11

the stage of development that begins at about 18-24 months and lasts until adolescence

Question 12

Preoperational stage

Answer 12

children have a preliminary understanding of the physical world (Ages 2-6)

Question 13

Egocentrism

Answer 13

the failure to understand that the world appears differently to different observers; observed during proportional stage

Question 14

Theory of mind

Answer 14

the idea that human behavior is guided by mental representations

Question 15

Concerte Operational Stage

Answer 15

children learn how various actions or operations can affect or transform concrete objects (Ages 6-11)

Question 16

Conversation

Answer 16

the notion that quantitative properties of an object are invariant despite changes in the objects appearance

Question 17

Formal Operational Stage

Answer 17

children can solve non-physical problems; abstract thinking (Age 11-adulthood)

Question 18

Joint attention

Answer 18

the ability to focus on what another person is focused on

Question 19

Social refrencing

Answer 19

the ability to use another person’s reactions as information about the world

Question 20

Imitation

Answer 20

the ability to do what another person does

Question 21

Attachment

Answer 21

the emotional bond that forms between newborns and their primary caregivers (secure, insecure: avoidant, ambivalent, disorganized attachment styles)

Question 22

Strange situation

Answer 22

a behavioral test developed by Mary Ainsworth that is used to determine a child’s attachment style (Cultural differences)

Question 23

Internal working model of relationships

Answer 23

set of beliefs about the self, the primary caregiver, and the relationship between them

Question 24

Temperaments

Answer 24

Characteristic pattern of emotional reactivity

Question 25

Adolescence

Answer 25

the period of development that begins with the onset of sexual maturity (about 11-14 years of age) and lasts until the beginning of adulthood (about 18-21 years of age)

Question 26

Puberty

Answer 26

the bodily changes associated with sexual maturity

Question 27

Primary sex characterisitics

Answer 27

bodily structures that are directly involved in reproduction

Question 28

Secondary sex characteristics

Answer 28

bodily structures that change dramatically with sexual maturity but are not directly involved in reproduction

Question 29

Adulthood

Answer 29

the stage of development that begins around 18 to 21 years and ends at death