Memory Flashcards
(41 cards)
Memory
The ability to store an retrieve information over time
Encoding
The process by which we transfer what we perceive, think, and feel into an enduring memory
Storage
the process of maintaining information over time
Retrival
The process of bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored
Elaborative encoding
the process of relating new information to old knowledge
Visual Imagery Encoding
The process of converting new information by converting it into mental pictures
Organizational encoding
the process of categorizing information according to the relationships among a series of item
Sensory memory
storage that holds sensory information fora few seconds
Iconic memory
a fast-decaying store of visual information
Echoic memory
a fast-decaying store of auditory information
Short Term Memory (STM)
holds non-sensory information for longer than a few seconds but less than a minute; can hold about seven items
Rehearsal
the process of keeping information in STM by mentally repeating it
Chunking
combining small pieces of information into larger clusters that are more easily held in STM
Working memory
active maintenance of information in STM
Long-term memory (LTM)
storage that holds information for hours, days, weeks, or years; no known capacity
Retrograde amnesia
the inability to retrieve information that was required before a particular date, usually the date of an injury or operation
Anterograde amnesia
the inability to transfer new information from short-term store into long-term store
Consolidation
the process by which memories become solid in the brain
Reconslidation
memories can become vulnerable to disruption when they are recalled, requiring them to become consolidated again
Encoding specificity principle
the idea that a retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps recreate the specific was that the information was initially encoded
State dependent retrieval
the tendency for information to be better recalled when the person is in the sane state during encoding and retrieval
Transfer-appropriate processing
memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when the encoding context of the situations match
Retrieval-induced forgetting
a process by which retrieving an item from long-term memory impairs subsequent recall of related items (frontal lobe suppresses competing information)
Explicit memory
the act of consciously or intentionally retrieving past experiences
