Development

Question 1

Classification of cerebral palsy

Answer 1

1. Spastic diplegia
2. Spastic quadriplegia
3. Hemiplegia
4. Extra pyramidal (athetoid, dyskinetic)

Question 2

Neuropathology and major causes of spastic diplegia

Answer 2

Neuropathology: PVL

Major causes: prematurity, ischemia, infection, endocrine/metabolic

Question 3

Neuropathology and major causes of spastic quadriplegia

Answer 3

Neuropathology: pVL multi cystic encephalomalacia, malformations
Major causes: ischemia, action, endocrine/metabolic, genetic/developmental

Question 4

Neuropathology and major causes of hemiplegia

Answer 4

Neuropathology: stroke [in utero or neonatal], look for family history of thromboembolic disorder, especially anticardiolipin antibodies

Major causes: thrombophilic disorders, infection, genetic/developmental, Periventricular haemorrhagic infarction

Question 5

Neuropathology and major causes of extrapyramidal CP

Answer 5

Pathology: putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus, basal ganglia

Causes: Asphyxia [most likely] kirnicterus, mitochondrial, genetic/metabolic

Question 6

FASD diagnostic criteria

Answer 6

NEED maternal alcohol exposure
Typical feces: short palpebral fissures, thin upper lip, long smooth philtrum, depressed nasal bridge
Pre-/postnatal growth restriction ( Numbers are organized into a four digit code (1111 = normal, 4444= unequivocal FASD)

Question 7

Rett syndrome ethology

Answer 7

Neuro development disorder from mutation of the MECP2 gene - epi genetic disorder which results in modification of dna
X-linked dominant affecting predominantly girls and few boys [they die prenatally]. Prevalence 1/10,000

Question 8

Toe walking differential diagnosis

Answer 8

Tight Achilles tendon
Diplegia cerebral palsy
Habit/idiopathic
Tethered cord
Charcot Mary tooth
Contractures of knew
Beckers muscular dystrophy

Question 9

Tourette syndrome diagnostic criteria

Answer 9

1. Multiple motor and vocal tics lasting more than one year, with no tic free interval lasting more than three months
2. Onset before age 18
3. No medical causes [drugs, central nervous system disease]