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Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What does cephalocaudal development mean?

A

development happens in a head to toe development eg baby can hold head up before having finger control

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2
Q

What are the 4 main areas of development?

A

gross motor; fine motor and vision; language and hearing; social behaviour and play

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3
Q

What is the average age for a baby to have head control?

A

3 months

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4
Q

What are the main primitive reflexes?

A 
sucking and rooting
palmar and plantar grasp
ATNR
moro
stepping and placing
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5
Q

What does ATNR?

A

asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

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6
Q

What is the purpose of ATNR?

A

to prtect against unstable surface eg if head foes to one side, arm moves out to stop rolling

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7
Q

What age do children tend to lose ATNR?

A

3 months

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8
Q

Why is it important for children to lose their primitive reflexes?

A

Have to lose these involuntary reflexes before they develop voluntary ones as these may interfere

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9
Q

What is parachuting?

A

child puts hands out to the side to stabilise themselves

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10
Q

Why is being exposed to the prone position important for babies?

A

important for learning how to crawl

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11
Q

What is the end of the normal range for a baby learning how to walk?

A

18 months

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12
Q

Why is hand regard in midline not significant as an indication of a baby’s vision?

A

it is a primitive reflex

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13
Q

How is the normal ranges for development different for communication than for motor?

A

the range for normal for communication is much larger than for motor control

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14
Q

What is age window for social smile?

A

6-8 weeks

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15
Q

What is developmental delay?

A

failure to attain appropriate developmental milestones for childs corrected chronological age

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16
Q

What are the patterns of abnormal development?

A

delay- global or specfic
deviation- ASD
regression

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17
Q

What are the red flags for development?

A 
asymmetry of movement
not reaching for objects by 6 months
unable to sit unsupported by 12 months
unable to walk by 18 months 
no speech by 18 months
concerns re vision or hearing
loss of skills
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18
Q

What should be checked in a baby unable to walk by 18 months?

A

CK-Duchennes

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19
Q

What is global developmental delay known as in school age children?

A

intellectual disability

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20
Q

What screening tests are done in a child with Down’s syndrome?

A

cardiac; vision; hearing; thyroid function; sleep related breathing disorders; growth charts; development

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21
Q

What happens to a child with learning difficulties by age 16?

A

development tends to plateau

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22
Q

What is the posture seen in boys with Duchennes muscular dystrophy?

A

lordotic posture to counteract weak pelvic girdle

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23
Q

What is the manoeuvre seen with Duchennes?

A

Gower’s manoeuvre- sign of pelvic weakness as child has to use hands to push themselves up

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24
Q

What is the autistic triad?

A

communication; social interaction; flexibility of though/imagination

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25
What are other features of ASD?
restricated, repeitiive behaviours; sensory difficulaties
26
What are the biological risk factors associated with abnormal development?
prematurity; low birth weight; birth asphyxia; chronic illness and hearing/vision impairment
27
What gross motor skill is developed by 6 weeks?
head control in vertical
28
What FMV by 6 weeks~?
follows torch with eyes
29
What LH by 6 weeks?
stills to voice
30
What Social by 6 weeks?
social smile
31
What GM by 3 months?
no head lag on pulling to sit?
32
Whawt FMV by 3 months?
regards hands held in the midline
33
What LH by 3 months?
laughs and coos
34
What social by 3 months?
reacts pleasurably to familiar situations
35
What GM by 6 months?
pushes up on arms in prone; can roll from stomahc to back
36
What FMV by 6 months?
explores objecst by mouthing; transfers objects hand to hand with palmar grasp
37
What LH by 6 months?
screams when annoyed; babbles tunefully
38
What social by 6 months?
friendly with strangers; plays with feet
39
What GM by 9 monhts?
stands holding onto furniture; may crawl
40
What FMV by 9 months?
picks up raisin between thumb and hand; uses index finger to point
41
What LH by 9 months?
polysyllabic babble; imitates adult sounds
42
What social by 9 months?
finds hidden object; anxious around strangers
43
Why are children anxious aroudn strangers by 9 months?
starting to crawl, more likley to get away from caregiver, a protective mechanism
44
What GM by 12 months?
cruises around furniture; may take first steps
45
What FMV by 12 months?
casting toys; pincer grip; bangs toys together
46
What LH by 12 months?
immediately responds to name; jargons
47
What social by 12 months?
waves bye-bye; drinks from cup
48
What GM by 18 months?
climbs onto adult chair; runs
49
What FMV by 18 monhts?
builds tower of 3-4 blocks; develops hand preference
50
What LH by 18 months?
5-20 words; points to body parts
51
What social by 18 monhts?
feeds with spoon; imitates adult activites
52
What GM by 2 years?
can throw a ball overhand; up and down stairs 2 feet per tread
53
What FMV by 2 years?
builds tower of 6-7 blocks; circular scribble
54
what LH by 2 years?
joining 2 words together/50+ words; understands simple instructions
55
What social by 2 years?
puts on hats and shoes; devleoping symbolic play
56
What GM by 3 years?
ascends stairs with alternating feet; tricycle
57
What FMV by 3 years?
copies a circle; cuts with scissors
58
What LH by 3 years?
knows own name and sex; asks lots of questions
59
What social by 3 years?
vivid pretend play; understands sharing/ play with other children
60
What GM by 4 years?
can run up and down stairs, alternating feet; hops
61
What FMV by 4 years?
threads beads; draws a man with head, legs and a trunk
62
What LH by 4 years?
recounts stories of recent experiences; sentences of 5+ words
63
What social by 4 years?
dresses and undresses; understands turn taking
64
At what age should children have started reaching for objects?
6months
65
What age should children be able to sit unsupported?
12 months
66
At what age should children be able to walk?
18 months
67
At what age should children have some speech?
18 months
68
At what age can children raise their head upto 45 degrees in prone?
6-8 weeks
69
At what ages do children sit usupported with a roudned back?
6 months
70
At what age do children sit unsupported with a straight back?
8 months
71
At what age can children walk steadily?
15 months
72
At what age do children cruise around furniture?
10 months
73
At what age do children reach out for toys?
4 months
74
What age do children transfer toys from hand to hand?
7 months
75
What age do children develop palmar graps?
4-6 months
76
What age do children develop a mature pincer grip?
10 months
77
What age to children start to make marks with a crayon?
16-18 months
78
What age do children turn to soft sounds out of sit?
7 months
79
What age do children use 2/3 words that aren't mama or dada?
12 months
80
What age can children use simple phrases of 2/3 words?
20-24 months
81
What age are children dry by day?
2 years
82
What age do children develop symbolic play?
18-24 months
83
What age is precocious puberty defined as for boys?
<9years
84
What age is precocious puberty defined as for girls?
<8 years
85
What is delayed puberty for boys?
>14 years
86
What is delayed puberty for girls?
>13 years
87
What age can children draw a traingle?
5 years
88
What age can children draw a circle?
3 years
89
What age can children build a bridge using 3 bricks?
3 years
90
What is hemiplegia?
unilateral invovlemnt of the arm and leg
91
What is quadriplegia?
all 4 limbs affected
92
What is diplegia?
all 4 limbs affected but legs are affected to a much greater degree than arms
93
What is paraplegia?
only legs affected, arms are normal
94
What age do children use sounds discriminately?
10 months
95
What are the 3 stages of girls puberty?
adrenarche; thelarche and menarche
96
What is the average age for a girl to enter puberty?
11
97
What is the average age for a boy to enter puberty?
11.5

Child Health (8 decks)

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