Development

Question 1

Protoplasmic astrocytes

Answer 1

Gray matter

Question 2

Fibrous astrocytes

Answer 2

White matter

Question 3

Ganglia

Answer 3

Collection of cell bodies

Question 4

Projection fibers

Answer 4

Axons that travel up/down CNS

Question 5

Association fibers

Answer 5

Axons that connect lobes (IPSILATERAL)

Question 6

Commissural fibers

Answer 6

Axons that connect CONTRALATERAL lobes

Question 7

Internuncial neurons

Answer 7

Interneurons - transmit AP between neurons

Question 8

What makes up gray matter?

Answer 8

Collection of cell bodies, unmyelinated fibers, dendrites

Question 9

What makes up white matter?

Answer 9

Myelinated fibers

Question 10

Fasciculas

Answer 10

Small bundle of myelinated fibers

Question 11

Funiculas

Answer 11

Several fasciculi - dorsal, lat, vent

Question 12

Brachium

Answer 12

Thick bundle of funiculas connecting parts of brain

Question 13

What happens in guillan barre?

Answer 13

De-myelinization

Question 14

What ions are outside/inside cell for AP?

Answer 14

Outside = Na and Cl
Inside = K

Question 15

Where are amines created?

Answer 15

Presynaptic cytoplasm

Question 16

Where are peptides created?

Answer 16

Cell body

Question 17

What happens at week 2?

Answer 17

Implantation

Question 18

Which comes first - primary streak or groove?

Answer 18

Streak

Question 19

What layer of the trilaminar disc forms the neural crest?

Answer 19

Ectoderm

Question 20

What three things does the neural crest turn into?

Answer 20

Sensory & ANS ganglia, glands

PNS!!!!!

Question 21

The neural tube ends up being the……

Answer 21

CNS

Question 22

Dermatomes differentiate into

Answer 22

Subcutaneous skin

Question 23

Myotomes differentiate into

Answer 23

Skeletal muscles

Question 24

Scleratomes differentiate into

Answer 24

Bones

Question 25

Endoderm turns into

Answer 25

Oral canal --> anus

Question 26

Term for pair of mesoderms

Answer 26

Somites

Question 27

When does the neural tube begin to fold?

Answer 27

Week 4

Question 28

Epithelial layer of the central canal turns into

Answer 28

Ependymal cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes

Question 29

Mantle layer differentiates into...

Answer 29

Gray matter

Question 30

Marginal layer differentiates into....

Answer 30

White matter

Question 31

Intermediate zone differentiates into....

Answer 31

Autonomic fxns

Question 32

Which layer differentiates into dorsal/ventral plates?

Answer 32

Mantle

Question 33

What causes anencephaly?

Answer 33

Cephalic neuropore doesn't close - brain stops developing

Question 34

What happens in clef palate?

Answer 34

Lack of midline closure during 6-12 weeks

Question 35

What happens in microcephaly?

Answer 35

Lack of brain development

Question 36

4 types of spina bifida

Answer 36

Occulta Meningomyelocele Meningocele Myeloschisis

Question 37

Occulta

Answer 37

No SP - tuft of hair visible

Question 38

Memingomyelocele

Answer 38

Entire SC outside of body in sac

Question 39

Meningocele

Answer 39

Subarachnoid space in sac

Question 40

Myeloschisis

Answer 40

Open SC on skin

Question 41

What happens in spina bifida?

Answer 41

Caudal neuropore doesn't close

Question 42

Phagiocephaly vs brachycephaly

Answer 42

``` Phagio = asymmetrical Brachy = flat back ```

Question 43

What happens in down syndrome?

Answer 43

Dec formation/density of dendritic spines

Question 44

Define neutrophism

Answer 44

Neural maturation

Question 45

How do changes occur in nervous system?

Answer 45

Interactions between cells + adaptation

Question 46

2 fates for cells that aren't stimulated

Answer 46

1. Phagocytosis by microglia | 2. Go dormant and get stimulated later

Question 47

Define neural plasticity

Answer 47

Learning and choosing new dominant pathways

Question 48

2 outcomes of neural injury

Answer 48

1. Adjacent tissue takes over | 2. Development of new pathways to accomplish same result

Question 49

When do critical periods of development occur?

Answer 49

First 2 months

Question 50

_________ faciliates development

Answer 50

Excitation

Question 51

When is neural maturation most rapid?

Answer 51

During development

Question 52

What happens in polio?

Answer 52

Motor neurons are killed