Flashcards in Development Deck (52)
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1
Protoplasmic astrocytes
Gray matter
2
Fibrous astrocytes
White matter
3
Ganglia
Collection of cell bodies
4
Projection fibers
Axons that travel up/down CNS
5
Association fibers
Axons that connect lobes (IPSILATERAL)
6
Commissural fibers
Axons that connect CONTRALATERAL lobes
7
Internuncial neurons
Interneurons - transmit AP between neurons
8
What makes up gray matter?
Collection of cell bodies, unmyelinated fibers, dendrites
9
What makes up white matter?
Myelinated fibers
10
Fasciculas
Small bundle of myelinated fibers
11
Funiculas
Several fasciculi - dorsal, lat, vent
12
Brachium
Thick bundle of funiculas connecting parts of brain
13
What happens in guillan barre?
De-myelinization
14
What ions are outside/inside cell for AP?
Outside = Na and Cl
Inside = K
15
Where are amines created?
Presynaptic cytoplasm
16
Where are peptides created?
Cell body
17
What happens at week 2?
Implantation
18
Which comes first - primary streak or groove?
Streak
19
What layer of the trilaminar disc forms the neural crest?
Ectoderm
20
What three things does the neural crest turn into?
Sensory & ANS ganglia, glands
PNS!!!!!
21
The neural tube ends up being the......
CNS
22
Dermatomes differentiate into
Subcutaneous skin
23
Myotomes differentiate into
Skeletal muscles
24
Scleratomes differentiate into
Bones
25
Endoderm turns into
Oral canal --> anus
26
Term for pair of mesoderms
Somites
27
When does the neural tube begin to fold?
Week 4
28
Epithelial layer of the central canal turns into
Ependymal cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes
29
Mantle layer differentiates into...
Gray matter
30
Marginal layer differentiates into....
White matter
31
Intermediate zone differentiates into....
Autonomic fxns
32
Which layer differentiates into dorsal/ventral plates?
Mantle
33
What causes anencephaly?
Cephalic neuropore doesn't close - brain stops developing
34
What happens in clef palate?
Lack of midline closure during 6-12 weeks
35
What happens in microcephaly?
Lack of brain development
36
4 types of spina bifida
Occulta
Meningomyelocele
Meningocele
Myeloschisis
37
Occulta
No SP - tuft of hair visible
38
Memingomyelocele
Entire SC outside of body in sac
39
Meningocele
Subarachnoid space in sac
40
Myeloschisis
Open SC on skin
41
What happens in spina bifida?
Caudal neuropore doesn't close
42
Phagiocephaly vs brachycephaly
Phagio = asymmetrical
Brachy = flat back
43
What happens in down syndrome?
Dec formation/density of dendritic spines
44
Define neutrophism
Neural maturation
45
How do changes occur in nervous system?
Interactions between cells + adaptation
46
2 fates for cells that aren't stimulated
1. Phagocytosis by microglia
2. Go dormant and get stimulated later
47
Define neural plasticity
Learning and choosing new dominant pathways
48
2 outcomes of neural injury
1. Adjacent tissue takes over
2. Development of new pathways to accomplish same result
49
When do critical periods of development occur?
First 2 months
50
_________ faciliates development
Excitation
51
When is neural maturation most rapid?
During development
52
