Development Flashcards
1
Q
Biologically primed form of attachment?
A
Imprinting
2
Q
What did Harlow study
A
Attachment
3
Q
Indiscriminate attachment behaviour
A
Newborns
4
Q
Discriminate attachment behaviour
A
3 months
5
Q
Specific attachment behaviour
A
7-8 months
6
Q
Separation anxiety
A
Getting anxious when the mother leaves
7
Q
12-16 months to 2-3 years?
A
Separation anxiety
8
Q
Goal corrected partnership?
A
Ages 3-4
9
Q
Strange situation test?
A
Type of attachment the baby has that involves playing with a stranger
10
Q
Reacting positively during the test and distressed with mother’s leave
A
Secure attachment
11
Q
Insecure attachment consists of?
A
Anxious resistant
Anxious avoidant
12
Q
Anxious resistant?
A
Fearful all the time
13
Q
Anxious avoidant
A
Show little to no signs of attachment
14
Q
Secure infants are?
A
better socially adjusted
15
Q
Nonsecure infants more?
A
Behavioural issues
16
Q
Prolonged attachment deprivation can lead to
A
Long term risks
17
Q
In cognitive performance (daycare controversy)
A
No differences except in high quality daycare
18
Q
4 styles of parenting
A
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Indulgent
Neglectful
19
Q
Demanding but caring
A
Authoritative
20
Q
Warm but careless
A
Indulgent
21
Q
Assertion of parental power without warmth
A
Authoritarian
22
Q
Indifferent and uninvolved
A
Neglectful
23
Q
Which parenting style is most ideal?
A
]Authoritative
24
Q
Children of indulgent parend?
A
Are immature and self centred
25
Children of neglectful parents?
Negative developmental outcomes
26
Gender identity
(2-3 years), sense of femaleness or maleness
27
Gender constancy
(6-7 years) understanding one's sex is permanent
28
People being treated differently based on sex
Sex typing
29
Kohlberg's stage theory
Moral development
30
Preconventional reasoning is?
Level 1, judge what is right and wrong based on reward and punishment
31
Conventional reasoning is?
Level 2, Moral judgment based on conformity to expectations of society
32
Post conventional reasoning?
Based on conscience as well as general principles that are a part of a person's values
33
How was Kohlberg's theory criticized?
Western cultural bias
Gender bias
Thinking is prioritized over behaviour
34
Carol Gilligan's criticism?
Differences between men and women in terms of values
35
Hauser proposed?
Innate intuitive neural mechanism
36
Which brain part is involved in some aspects of moral decisions
Prefrontal cortex
37
Early maturation generally more positive for ___?
Boys
38
Corpus callosum?
increases 10% during adolescence
39
Basal metabolic rate?
Slows after 40
40
Adult brain?
Brain tissue DOES get lost as we age
41
Which brain parts show the greatest loss?
Frontal and parietal lobes
42
Two parts of adolescent egocentrism?
Overestimation
| Oversensitivity
43
Overestimation?
Over exaggeration of life situations
44
Over sensitivity?
Believing that everyone is watching
45
Post-formal operational thinking?
Final stage of development that allows an individual to combine parallel points and reason them into one
46
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Decrease in Perceptual speed
Memory for new information
Spatial memory
Recall
Changes to prospective memory – less clear
```
Information processing
47
Peak in middle adulthood then a decline
Crystallized intelligence
48
Which type of intelligence is more stable?
Crystallized intel
49
Fluid intelligence?
Declines in early adulthood
50
Identity diffusion?
No crisis yet: no role
51
Foreclosure?
Adopting a role sans identity crisis
52
Moratorium?
Current unresolved identity crisis
53
Identity Achievement?
Solving an identity crisis and knowing who you are
54
Parental relationships?
Conflict is generally low
55
Conflict examples?
Misconduct
Anti-social behaviour
Hopelessness
Low self esteem
56
Marital satisfaction?
Declines over first few years
57
Elisabeth Kubler Ross?
5 stages of grief
58
Environmental Influence as well as Sex determination and genes
Prenatal Development
59
Changes in biological, physical, psychological, and behavioral processes
Developmental psychology
60
Age where experiences must occur
Critical period
61
Sensitive period?
Optimal age range, can still learn but not as optimal
62
Gradual changes?
Continuous
63
Something before. but something else appears later?
Discontinuous
64
Inverted U shape
Emerges early, peaks then diminishes with age
65
U shape
Early emergence, disappears then re-emerges
66
Cohort?
(group born at same time) studying one group at a time
67
Cross-sectional?
(Comparing different ages at same time) Studying different groups at same time
68
Longitudinal?
(Test same cohort at different times) Taking one single group and testing over time
69
Sequential?
Test several cohorts as they age (combo of longitudinal and cross sectional)
70
Different cohorts grew up in different time periods
| Different experiences, cultural changes, environmental changes
Design issues for cross sectional design
71
Time-consuming
| People drop out
Design issues for longitudinal design
72
3 stages of prenatal dev
Germinal
Embryonic
Fetal
73
First two weeks where zygote attaches to uterine wall
Germinal
74
Embryonic
2nd-8th week where placenta & umbilical cord develop
75
Fetal
Begins on week 9 and after 28 weeks the age of viability is reached
76
TDF?
Found in y chromosome and determine if testes are to develop
77
Testes secrete?
Androgens
78
The critical period in prenatal development is?
6-8weeks
79
Insufficient androgen activity usually means?
Female
80
Environmental agents that may cause abnormal fetal development?
Terotogens
81
Maternal malnutrition causes?
Miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, impaired brain development
82
Maternal stress causes?
Premature birth, attentional deficits and irritability
83
AN example of a stress hormone?
Cortisol
84
STD's
Brain damage, blindness and deafness
85
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder?
Ranges from mild to severe cognitive, behavioural and physical deficits
86
Newborns look longer at stimuli that?
They find interesting
87
Cephalocaudal principle
Development is from head to foot
88
Proximodistal principle
Innermost to outer most development
89
First areas to develop for brain
Brainstem
90
Last areas to develop
Associative areas of cortex
91
Growth rate of brain
At 5 years, 90% of adult size
92
Brain builds schemas to achieve understandings?
Piaget stage model
93
Assimilation
New experiences incorporated into exisiting schemas
94
Accommodation
New experiences cause exisiting schemas to change
