Language and Thinking

Question 1

Learning a second language?

Answer 1

Bilingualism

Question 2

Knowing your own cognitive abilities?

Answer 2

Meta cognition

Question 3

What is generative and permits displacement?

Answer 3

Language

Question 4

Symbolic, structure and generativity are all?

Answer 4

A part of language

Question 5

Using of sounds, signs and gestures as well as forming and transferring mental representations?

Answer 5

Symbolic

Question 6

Rule governed structures and symbols combined to create meaningful units?

Answer 6

Structure

Question 7

Symbols combined to generate infinite number of messages that have novel meaning?

Answer 7

Generativity

Question 8

Language allows us to communicate about events and objects that aren’t present physically?

Answer 8

Displacement

Question 9

What is syntax?

Answer 9

Rules for combinations (grammar)

Question 10

What is semantics?

Answer 10

Specific rules for connecting symbols (basically meaning)

Question 11

Smallest sound unit recognized as separate in a given language?

Answer 11

Phonemes

Question 12

How many phonemes are there in the english language?

Answer 12

46

Question 13

Smallest units of MEANING

Answer 13

Morphemes (think the morphing of phonemes)

Question 14

What determines how phonemes combine into morphemes?

Answer 14

Syntax

Question 15

Human language structure?

Answer 15

1. Phoneme
2. Morpheme
3. Words
4. Phrases
5. Sentence

Question 16

Individual elements analyzed and combined to create unified perception?

Answer 16

Bottom up

Question 17

Sensory info interpreted in light of existing knowledge, concepts, ideas, and expectations

Answer 17

Top down

Question 18

Speech segmentation?

Answer 18

Perceiving where each word within a spoken sentence begins and ends

Question 19

Pragmatics?

Answer 19

Knowledge of practical aspects of using language

Question 20

Speech production happens in?

Answer 20

Broca’s area

Question 21

Speech comprehension happens in?

Answer 21

Wernicke’s area

Question 22

Aphasia is?

Answer 22

Damange to the Broca’s or Wernicke’s area

Question 23

Left hemispheric damage?

Answer 23

Affects men more than women

Question 24

Males?

Answer 24

Activation of left hemisphere

Question 25

Females?

Answer 25

Activation of both hemispheres

Question 26

1-3 months age will?

Answer 26

Vocalize entire range of phonemes

Question 27

Discriminating sounds specific to native language?

Answer 27

ages 6-12 months

Question 28

What is the critical period for sound development?

Answer 28

Two months

Question 29

Language distribution is?

Answer 29

Very different

Question 30

High pitched form of speech?

Answer 30

Motherese

Question 31

Operant conditioning?

Answer 31

Positive reinforcment of appropriate language

Question 32

Evidence against operant conditioning?

Answer 32

Children learn words quickly | Parents don't correct grammar

Question 33

Social factors in the environment that facilitate language learning

Answer 33

LASS

Question 34

Vocabulary bursts occur at

Answer 34

18 months

Question 35

Expressing a proposition statement of facts?

Answer 35

Propositional thought

Question 36

Consists of images we "see", "hear" and "feel"

Answer 36

Imaginal thought

Question 37

Relates to mental representations of motor movements?

Answer 37

Motoric thought

Question 38

Power of pure thought?

Answer 38

Thinking

Question 39

Example of proposition?

Answer 39

Students ARE intelligent people

Question 40

Most elementary method of forming concepts | -early concepts

Answer 40

Prototypes

Question 41

Influence decisions?

Answer 41

Propositions

Question 42

Reason from general principles to a conclusion

Answer 42

Deductive reasoning

Question 43

Inductive reasoning?

Answer 43

Start with specific facts and try to develop general principle

Question 44

Elementary method of forming concepts

Answer 44

Prototypes

Question 45

Not focusing on relevant info

Answer 45

Distraction

Question 46

Abandoning logic for personal beliefs

Answer 46

Belief bias

Question 47

Idea that the same info, problem or options can be structured and presented in different ways

Answer 47

Emotions/framing

Question 48

Framing?

Answer 48

Mental representation

Question 49

Optimal framing?

Answer 49

better chance for solutions

Question 50

Which procedures and explanations are considered

Answer 50

Generating solutions

Question 51

Mental set?

Answer 51

Tendency to stick to solutions that worked in the past

Question 52

Experts are?

Answer 52

Better than novices at applying schemas

Question 53

Formulas that generate correct solutions?

Answer 53

Algorithms

Question 54

Heuristics?

Answer 54

General problem solving strategies and mental shortcuts

Question 55

Defining a subgoal that is hoped to be achieved, and comparing with the current situation in order to make changes to achieve the goal

Answer 55

Means End Analysis

Question 56

Forming subgoals toward a solution

Answer 56

Subgoal analysis

Question 57

How closely something fits "prototype" for a concept

Answer 57

Representative heuristic

Question 58

Judgments is based on fresh information in the memory

Answer 58

Ex: Think watching videos of bears and getting fearful on a walk the next day

Question 59

Comfirmation bias?

Answer 59

Looking for evidence confirming only your beliefs | ignorance to info

Question 60

Original thinking and novel ideas

Answer 60

Divergent thinking

Question 61

Functional fixedness?

Answer 61

Being blinded to new ways of using an object

Question 62

Incubation?

Answer 62

Creative solutions pop into ones mind after one has stopped thinking about it for a while

Question 63

System of knowledge about life conduct

Answer 63

Wisdom