Development

Question 1

Piaget Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 1

0-2 years

Learn through movement and senses

Question 2

Piaget Preoperational stage

Answer 2

Preschool/Kindergarden
Prelogical thought
Forms new schemes
Egocentrism
Centration

Question 3

Piaget Concrete Operational stage

Answer 3

Elementary
Logical thought
Need concrete/hands on experience
Sorting & Classifying

Question 4

Piaget Formal Operational stage

Answer 4

Middle school/High School
Abstract thought
Problem solving and critical thinking

Question 5

Vygotsky

Answer 5

Zone of proximal development
Social & Cultural interactions
Using language to give examples, ask leading questions

Question 6

Trust Vs Mistrust

Answer 6

Babies

Need comfort and safety

Question 7

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt

Answer 7

Toddlers
Works towards independence
Shame/doubt in abilities

Question 8

Initiative vs Guilt

Answer 8

Preschool/Kindergarden
Initiating activities, exploring
Sense of purpose vs inadequacy

Question 9

Industry vs Inferiority

Answer 9

Elementary
Comparing themselves with peers
Need positive reinforcement
Pride/competancy vs inferiority

Question 10

Identity vs Role Confusion

Answer 10

Adolescents
Developing sense of self
Peers & social role models important
Integrated person vs Rebellion

Question 11

Intimacy vs Isolation

Answer 11

Young Adults
Maintaining close personal relationships
Sense of self
Love vs Isolation

Question 12

Preconventional Stage

Answer 12

Just follows rules, does not understand them
Avoids punishment
Follows rules to receive reward

Question 13

Conventional Stage

Answer 13

Black and White view of rules
Respect authority
Upholds societal laws blindly

Question 14

Postconventional Stage

Answer 14

Rules flexible depending on situation

Human rights, Equality, higher morals

Question 15

Spearman Intelligence Theory

Answer 15

General Intelligence
“G Factor”
Smart across the board

Question 16

Thurnstone Intelligence Theory

Answer 16

7 Factor Intelligence
Book smarts
Scores vary together

Question 17

Sternberg Intelligence Theory

Answer 17

Successful Intelligence
Three types of intelligence
Creative
Analytical
Practical

Question 18

Gardner Intelligence Theory

Answer 18

Multiple Intelligences
Logical-Mathematical
Verbal
Musical
Spatial
Bodily
Interpersonal (people smart)
Intrapersonal (self smart)
Naturalist

Question 19

Behavioral Approach

Answer 19

Teacher Directed
Basic skills/mastery
Behavior modification (pos/neg reinforcement)

Question 20

Constructivist Approach

Answer 20

Student-Centered
Building knowledge
Project-based learning
Real world/authentic learning

Question 21

Cooperative Collaborative Approach

Answer 21

Learning Together
Mixed groups working together
Group goals
Competition between teams

Question 22

Information Processing (Cognitivism)

Answer 22

Memory

Repetition, rehearsal

Question 23

Social Cognitive (Cognitivism)

Answer 23

Teaching/developing self
Modeling, Imitation
Autonomous learning

Question 24

Humanistic

Answer 24

Self Perception, Motivation
Student choice
Creative learning

Question 25

Formative Assessment

Answer 25

Check FOR learning Occurs during instruction Determines student learning

Question 26

Summative Assessment

Answer 26

Sum OF learning Occurs after instruction Measures overall achievement

Question 27

Written Assessment

Answer 27

``` Grading is objective (right/wrong) Selected response (multiple choice) Constructed response (essay) ```

Question 28

Performance Assessment

Answer 28

Grading is subjective Higher level skills Portfolio, exhibitions

Question 29

Norm-Reference Grading

Answer 29

Based on normed score | Compares to other students

Question 30

Criterion-Referenced Grading

Answer 30

Based on standards | Passed based on mastery

Question 31

Chomsky Language Theory

Answer 31

He believes children instinctively learn language without any formal instruction. "Universal grammar"

Question 32

Skinner Language Theory

Answer 32

B. F. Skinner believed that children learn language through operant conditioning; in other words, children receive "rewards" for using language in a functional manner.

Question 33

Vygotsky Language Theory

Answer 33

Social interaction can help students learn language, as language growth does not happen in isolation. Social interaction can help students move closer to proficient language use and maximize their potential.

Question 34

Positive Reinforcement/Punishment

Answer 34

Something Added

Question 35

Negative Reinforcement/Punishment

Answer 35

Something taken away

Question 36

Sensory Memory

Answer 36

``` Iconic memory (sight) Echonic Memory (sound) ```

Question 37

Working Memory

Answer 37

Short term memory Visual-Spatial (pictures, maps) Phonological (verbal info)

Question 38

Long Term Memory

Answer 38

Semantic (Facts) Episodic (Events) Procedural

Question 39

Albert Bandura

Answer 39

Learning is a cognitive process Occurs in social contexts Modeling & observing behaviors

Question 40

Pre talking/Cooing stage

Answer 40

0-6 months | Vowel sounds

Question 41

Babbling Stage

Answer 41

6-8 months | Vowel and constanants

Question 42

Holophrastic Stage

Answer 42

9-18 months | One word

Question 43

Two word stage

Answer 43

18-24 months | Two words, most constanants

Question 44

Telegraphic Stage

Answer 44

24-30 months | Forming sentences

Question 45

Later multi-word stage

Answer 45

30+ Months Fastest increase in vocabulary Understand everything said