Flashcards in Development & Behavior Deck (50):
1
Define Short Stature
Past age 2 years, height that is below 2.3%
2
Goal of Short Stature
Differentiate between benign & pathological etiologies
3
Diagnostic Approach to Short Stature
Thorough H&P
Growth curve velocity
Bone age determination
4
Familial Short Stature
Bone age = child's age
Hx of parent being short
Genetic
5
Constitutional Growth Delay
Bone age
6
Most Important First Step in Newborn's Life
Bonding with caregiver
Infants has not learned they are separate from caretaker
Physical contact = protection to baby
7
Bonding/Attachment Problems
Mother ill
Single parent
No outside support for parents
Post-partum blues
Depression
Psychosis
Marital stress
Abuse
Not wanting baby
Too much "support"
8
Define Temper Tantrums
Consists of whining, screaming, crying and even throwing self to the floor
9
Why do toddlers have temper tantrums?
Frustration
Learning to communicate
Easily overwhelmed
Overtired
Want their way
10
Four Goals of Misbehavior in Toddlers
Attention
Power
Revenge
Display of inadequacy
11
Management Tips to Parents for Avoid Temper Tantrums
Avoid putting child in situations when tired or lots of stimulation
Easy choices between 2 things
Distract them
Ignore the tantrum
Warn of consequences
Tell them you love them not the behavior
12
When to Seek Help with Temper Tantrums
Parent uncomfortable with response or feelings
Parent gives in to child
Tantrums arouse bad feelings
Increasing frequency, intensity, or duration
Child hurts him/herself or others
Child is destructive
Child displays mood disorders
13
Potential Underlying Problems for Temper Tantrums
Hearing/vision problems
Chronic illness
Language delay
Learning disability
14
Tips for Temper Tantrums
Consider mental health of parent
Encourage teaching prosocial behavior/empathy
Educate about reinforcing positives
15
Chronic Aggressiveness Leads to:
Repeated failure in school
Frustrating & disappointing life
Emotional & physical pain
16
Studies Demonstrate that Abnormal Aggression Leads To:
Long-term aggressive behavior
Antisocial behavior
Early interventions key to preventing violent teens/adults
17
Prevention of Abnormal Aggression
Limit screen time
Intervene early
Consult medical & mental health professionals
18
Possible Causes of Aggressive Behavior
Poor parenting
Abuse/neglect trauma
Brain damage
Genetic abnormalities
Other health problems
Marital problems
Family instability
Observation of aggression from peers/at home
19
Strong Warning Signs of Aggressive Behavior
Cruelty to animals
Arson
Sexualized behavior
Aggressive behavior outside norm
Self-injury
Extreme non-compliance
Lack of behavior change with consequences
Evidence of psychosis
Lack of remorse or empathy
20
Possible Reasons for Biting
Relieve pain from teething
Experience sensation of biting
Oral-motor stimulation
Imitate others
Get attention
Self-defense
Communicate needs & desires
Communicate feelings
21
Biting Management
Say "No biting, biting hurts."
Comfort hurt child
Talk to biting child calmly
22
What NOT to do with a biting child
Avoid labeling as a biter
Don't bite child back
Avoid getting angry, yelling, or shaming
Avoid giving too much attention
Do not force biting and bitten child to play together
Don't punish biter
23
What is the educational theme for parents with a biter?
Consistency
24
Sleep Disturbances
Bedtime refusal or resistance
Delayed sleep onset
Prolonged night awakenings
Night terrors
25
Intrinsic Factors to Sleep Disturbances
Child's temperament
Medical issues
Circadian preference
Neurodevelopmental disabilities
Anxiety disorders
26
Screening tool for Evaluating Sleep Disturbances
BEARS
B- bedtime issues
E- excessive daytime sleepiness
A- night awakenings
R- regularity & duration of sleep
S- snoring
27
Interventions for Sleep Disturbances
Pattern
Same time
NO screen time prior
Systemic ignoring
Positive reinforcement
Parent education
28
When do Night Terrors Occur?
First half of the night
29
During a Night Terror, Child may
Sit up in bed
Scream or shout
Kick and thrash
Sweat, breathe heavily, racing pulse
Heard to awaken
Inconsolable
Stare wide-eyes
Get out of bed & run around house
30
Factors that Contribute to Sleep Terrors
Sleep deprivation
Extreme tiredness
Stress
Fever
Unfamiliar surroundings
Light or noise
Overfull bladder
31
Reasons to Evaluate Night Terrors
Happening excessively
Daytime somnolence
Hurting self/others
Child afraid to go to sleep
Last beyond teen years
Follow the same pattern
32
How to Evaluate Night Terrors
Sleep log
Sleep study
Use of benzodiazepams
33
Toilet Training
Must be ready
Neurologically mature
Regular bowel frequency
Avoid pressuring or punishments for accidents
Positive Reinforcement
Periods of regression with stressors
34
Factors for Toilet Training Resistance
Attempting training too early
Excessive parent-child conflict
Irrational fear/anxiety
Difficult temperament
Hard, painful stools
Exert independence
35
Identify Children at Risk for Dental Disease
Low SES
Prolonged breast or bottle feeding
Frequent consumption of sugary items
Prolonged use of slippy cup
Bottles at bed time
Passive smoke
Special health care needs
Insufficient fluoride exposure
Visible plaque
Enamel pits/defects
Non-nutritive sucking
36
Prevention of Dental Caries
Early brushing
Fluoride
Flossing
Dental check ups
37
What are you looking for during your visual assessment in an infant?
Cataracts
Strabismus
Amblyopia
Retinoblastoma
Glaucoma
Asymmetric pupil
Unilateral ptosis
38
Hearing Screenings in Newborns
Screen prior to discharge
39
Define IQ
Statistically derived number reflecting the ratio of age-appropriate cognitive function and the child's level of cognitive function
40
Deficits in the Development of Intellectual Disability
Language
Motor skills
Attention
Abstract reasoning
Visual-spatial skills
Academic or vocational achievement
41
Multiple Causes of Intellectual Disability
Chromosomal abnormalities
Fragile X syndrome
Monogenetic conditions
Structural CNS abnormalities
Complications of prematurity
Environmental or teratogenic causes
"Cultural-familial" mental retardation
Metabolic or endocrine causes
Unknown
42
Treatment of Intellectual Disability
Speech and language therapy
Special education support
OT or PT
Behavioral therapy or counseling
43
4 Types of Parenting
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Permissive/indulgent
Neglectful
44
Define Authoritative Parenting
Boundaries
Calm in situations
Balance
45
Define Authoritarian Parenting
Overboard
Rules/regulations
Rigid boundaries
Less flexible
46
Define Permissive Parenting
Let kids do anything
Give them what they want
Children kind of run their own world
47
Define Neglectful Parenting
Parents just don't care
48
Stressor that can alter school performance
New sibling
Divorce
Move to new location
Abuse
49
Peer Relations of Children
Age 3-4 play together
Young children allowed to socialize
Child older- peers have greater influence
50