Development and Inheritance

Question 1

T/F: embryology is the study of prenatal development.

Answer 1

true

Question 2

T/F: there are three germ layers in an embryo.

Answer 2

true

Question 3

T/F: Amnion is the transparent sac that develops from epiblast. It fills with amniotic fluid that protects the embryo from trauma, infections, and temperature fluctuations and is only penetrated by the umbilical cord.

Answer 3

true

Question 4

T/F: Tubal pregnancy is a synonym for ectopic pregnancy.

Answer 4

false

Question 5

T/F: Monozygotic twins form when one egg is fertilized (one zygote) but the embryoblast later divides into two. These individuals are genetically identical, of the same sex, and nearly identical in appearance.

Answer 5

true

Question 6

T/F: A blastocyst is a solid sphere made up of three layers (trophoblast, embryoblast, and bastocoel)

Answer 6

false- blastocyst is a hollow sphere

Question 7

T/F: During fetal blood circulation, blood bypasses the lung, going directly from the right atrium to the left atrium via a hole in the interventricular septum.

Answer 7

true

Question 8

T/F: Sexual reproduction entails the union of two gonads to form a zygote.

Answer 8

false- the union of two gametes

Question 9

T/F: An egg must be fertilized within 36-48 hours of ovulation if it is to survive.

Answer 9

false- within 12-24 hours

Question 10

T/F: From puberty through adulthood, reproductive function is regulated by hormonal links between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland only.

Answer 10

?

Question 11

T/F: Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters, composed of 4 month intervals.

Answer 11

false- 3 month intervals

Question 12

At 16 days old, an embryo consists of three primary germ layers. Which are the correct terms for the three primary germ layers:

a. Mesoderm
b. Endoderm
c. Ectoderm
d. Hectoderm
e. A-C

Answer 12

e. A-C

Question 13

Polyspermy is the act of:

a. An egg being fertilized by one sperm
b. A sperm fertilizing an egg with no genetic material
c. An egg being fertilized by a defected sperm
d. A sperm fertilizing 2 or more eggs
e. An egg being fertilized by two or more sperm

Answer 13

e. An egg being fertilized by two or more sperm

Question 14

Mitotic divisions that occur in the first 3 days while the conceptus migrates down uterine tube is known as ____________.

a. Cleavage
b. Zygote
c. Fertilization
d. Embryogensis
e. Implantation

Answer 14

a. Cleavage

Question 15

The nervous system is derived from the _______________ germ layer.

a. Ectoderm
b. Fectoderm
c. Mesoderm
d. Endoderm

Answer 15

a. Ectoderm

Question 16

Which of the following is not considered a preembryonic stage?

a. Implosion
b. Cleavage
c. Implantation
d. Embryogenesis

Answer 16

a. Implosion

Question 17

The bladder and glands of the respiratory system is derived from the _______________ germ layer.

a. Ectoderm
b. Fectoderm
c. Mesoderm
d. Endoderm

Answer 17

d. Endoderm

Question 18

Cartilage, blood and the skeletal system is derived from the _______________ germ layer.

a. Ectoderm
b. Fectoderm
c. Mesoderm
d. Endoderm

Answer 18

c. Mesoderm

Question 19

During neonates transitional period:

a. Their heart and respiratory rates increase; body temperature falls
b. The physical activity declines and baby sleeps for about 3 hours
c. They often gags on mucus and debris in the pharynx
d. All of the above

Answer 19

e. All of the above

Question 20

What is the function of syncytiotophoblast?

a. Grows into the uterus like little roots
b. Closes the embryoblast
c. To maintain in contact with the endometrium
d. To force the blastocyst to divide.

Answer 20

a. Grows into the uterus like little roots

Question 21

By the end of 5 weeks during embryonic folding and organogenesis the thoracic cavity has subdivided into the ______________.

a. Pleural cavity
b. Pericardial cavity
c. Mediastinum cavity
d. Pleural and mediastinum cavities
e. Pericardial and pleural cavities

Answer 21

e. Pericardial and pleural cavities

Question 22

Allantois is a type of embryonic membrane that begins as an outpocketing of the yolk sac. It will become ________.

a. Part of the urinary bladder
b. A testis
c. Part of the large intestine
d. Internal umbilical cord

Answer 22

a. Part of the urinary bladder

Question 23

Blastocyst is a hallow ball that forms during the preembryonic stage of pregnancy. This ball is three layer, which of the following is not a layer of a blastocyst?

a. Blastocoels
b. Blastomere
c. Trophoblast
d. Embryoblast

Answer 23

b. Blastomere

Question 24

Which of the follow is not true about “dizygotic” twins?

a. Form from two eggs being fertilized at the same time by two different sperms
b. No more or less genetically similar than any other siblings
c. Implant separately in the uterine wall and each forms its own placenta
d. Genetically identical, of the same sex, and nearly identical in appearance
e. Account for about two-thirds of twins

Answer 24

d. Genetically identical, of the same sex, and nearly identical in appearance

Question 25

Having an extra chromosome produces a triple set is commonly known as ___. a. Nondisjuction b. Monosomy c. Sampling d. Trisomy e. Nullisomy

Answer 25

d. Trisomy

Question 26

Gonads begin to develop ______________. a. 2 to 3 weeks after fertilization b. 5 to 6 weeks after fertilization c. 8 to 9 weeks after fertilization d. 20 to 24 weeks after fertilization e. At birth

Answer 26

? | c. 8-9 weeks after fertilization

Question 27

27. The cessation of menstruation is called ______________. a. Menopause b. Climacteric c. Atresia d. Puberty e. Menstrual

Answer 27

a. Menopause

Question 28

The morula stage happens when the conceptus arrives to the uterus, this usually happens within ______ hours. a. 12 b. 24 c. 36 d. 48 e. 72

Answer 28

e. 72

Question 29

During gestation the conceptus is nourished in three different, overlapping ways which of the following is not a nutrient pathway? a. Uterine milk b. Trophoblastic nutrition c. Placental nutrition d. Umbilical milk

Answer 29

d. Umbilical milk

Question 30

The umbilical cord is formed of : a. Two umbilical arteries b. One umbilical vein c. Two shunts d. Two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein e. One umbilical vein two shunts

Answer 30

d. two umbilical arteries, one umbilical vein

Question 31

The three primary germ layers of an embryo consist of all the following except: a. Ectoderm b. Fectoderm c. Endoderm d. Mesoderm

Answer 31

b. fectoderm

Question 32

Vast majority of sperm do not make it to egg because they a. Are destroyed by vaginal acid or drain out of vagina b. Are fail to penetrate the mucus of the cervical canal c. Are destroyed by leukocytes in the uterus d. Half of the sperm go up wrong uterine tube e. All of the above

Answer 32

e. All of the above

Question 33

The fetus has several shunts to help with blood circulation, the ___________ allows for blood to bypass the pulmonary circuit moving directly from the right atrium to the left atrium. a. Umbilical placental circuit b. Ductus arteriosus c. Foramen ovale d. Ductus venosus

Answer 33

c. Foramen ovale

Question 34

The preembryonic stage has three major processes it undergoes during the first 16 days of development. These major processes include all of the following expect: a. Implantation b. Burrowing c. Cleavage d. Embryogenesis e. All of the above

Answer 34

b. Burrowing

Question 35

The fetus has several shunts to help with blood circulation; the ___________ allows blood to flow directly from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta. a. Umbilical placental circuit b. Ductus arteriosus c. Foramen ovale d. Ductus venosus ¬

Answer 35

b. Ductus arteriosus

Question 36

Stretching of uterus increases OT release, causes contractions, causing more stretching of uterus, etc. until delivery. This is an example of ________ feedback. a. Positive b. Negative

Answer 36

a. Positive

Question 37

The fetus has several shunts to help with blood circulation, the ___________ allows for Placental blood to bypasses the liver and flow into the inferior vena cava (IVC). a. Umbilical placental circuit b. Ductus arteriosus c. Foramen ovale d. Ductus venosus

Answer 37

d. Ductus venosus

Question 38

Which of the following statements is not true concerning a neonate’s transitional period? a. It’s the first 6 to 8 hours of life b. Heart and respiratory rates decrease; body temperature rise c. Their physical activity declines and baby sleeps for about 3 hours; second period of activity, baby often gags on mucus and debris in the pharynx; baby sleeps again and becomes more stable d. They settle into a cycle of waking every 3 to 4 hours to feed

Answer 38

b. Heart and respiratory rates decrease; body temperature rises

Question 39

Infants born before 7 months tend to suffer from a. Immature liver b. Digestive issues c. Thermoregulatory d. Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) e. All of the above

Answer 39

e. All of the above

Question 40

Alcohol, nicotine, diagnostic x-rays, microorganisms are considered _______ and can lead to ________. a. Teratology; birth defects b. Congenital anomalies; birth defects c. Deformities; anomalies d. Teratogens; teratology e. Teratogens; birth defects

Answer 40

e. Teratogens; birth defects

Question 41

Sickle cell is an inheritable ______________ disease. a. Dominant b. Autosomal c. Recessive d. Co-dominant

Answer 41

? | d. co-dominant