Development Dynamics

Question 1

Define level of development

Answer 1

a country’s wealth measured by GDP and its social and political progress

Question 2

Define GDP

Answer 2

total value of goods and services produced per year

negative: only consider economic progress

Question 3

Define literacy rate

Answer 3

the % of the population aged over 15 who can read and write

negative: only consider on aspect of social progress

Question 4

Define HDI

Answer 4

calculated using 4 factors: life expectancy, education, length of schooling and GDP per capita ($PPP)
positive: a much more balanced view of development - looks at range of factors

Question 5

What is the 1st barrier to development that Malawi is facing?

Answer 5

Malawi is landlocked - no port to import or export goods, the government doesn’t have enough money to invest in transport and communication

Question 6

What is the 2nd barrier to development that Malawi is facing?

Answer 6

the impact of HIV/AIDS - Malawi 11% of adults = infected & 10,000s dying each year, main cause of adult death and low life expectancy - those dying are in their 20s and 30s = the group that are most economically important - more poverty, only 1/3 of people with HIV can afford to get treatment because of costs of drugs is to high

Question 7

What is the 3rd barrier to development that Malawi is facing?

Answer 7

trade - WTO makes trade fairer to countries like Malawi but there are still problems - Malawi exports raw coffee beans because it is to expensive to import roasted coffee beans to EU and the USA so companies roast them on there own whilst Malawi loses money

Question 8

Define birth rate

Answer 8

number of live births per 1,000 people per year

Question 9

Define death rate

Answer 9

number of deaths per 1,000 people per year

Question 10

Define dependency ratio

Answer 10

proportion of people below (aged 0-14) and above (over 65) normal working age
it is calculated by adding both groups together and dividing the number aged 15-64 (the working population) multiplied by 100

Question 11

Define fertility rate

Answer 11

average number of births per woman in a country

Question 12

Define infant mortality

Answer 12

number of children per 1,000 live births who dies before their 1st birthday

Question 13

Define life expectancy

Answer 13

average number of years a person can expect to live

Question 14

Define maternal mortality

Answer 14

number of mothers per 100,000 live births who dies in childbirth

Question 15

What does the height and width of the apex (top) of a population pyramid mean?

Answer 15

it gives an indication of the life expectancy of the population

Question 16

What do the sides of the population pyramid show?

Answer 16

it gives information about the death rates of the population

Question 17

What does the base of the population pyramid show?

Answer 17

it shows the birth rate of the population

Question 18

In a developing country what would the pyramid look like?

Answer 18

wide base = high birth rate

narrow apex = low life expectancy

Question 19

In a emerging country what would the population pyramid look like?

Answer 19

wide base = high birth rate

widening apex = higher life expectancy

Question 20

In a developed country what would the population pyramid look like?

Answer 20

narrower base = lower birth rate

wide apex = high life expectancy

Question 21

In Rostow’s theory of modernisation what are the 5 steps?

Answer 21

1. Traditional Society - limited technology; static society
2. Preconditions for Take-off - commercial exploitation of agriculture and extractive industry
3. Take-off - development of a manufacturing sector
4. Drive to Maturity - development of wider industrial and commercial base
5. High-mass Consumption

Question 22

What are the 3 levels in Frank’s dependency theory?

Answer 22

1. Core
2. Semi-periphery
3. Periphery

Question 23

Where do the goods go in Frank’s dependency theory?

Answer 23

goods go from the core to the semi-periphery and the periphery

Question 24

Where do the resources go in Frank’s dependency theory?

Answer 24

resources go from the periphery and the semi-periphery to the core