Development Dynamics Flashcards
(40 cards)
What does GDP stand for
Gross domestic product
What is the GDP
The total value of goods and services a country produces in a year
What does HDI stand for
Human development index
What is the HDI
A number that is calculated using life expectancy, education level, and GDP per capita. Every country has a HDI value between 0 (least developed) and 1 (most developed)
Fertility rate
The average number of births per woman
Death rate
Number of deaths per 1000 people per year
Birth rate
Number of babies born per 1000 per year
Infant mortality rate
Number of babies who die before their first birthday per 1000 babies born
Doctors per 1000 of population
The number of working doctors per 1000 of the population
Literacy rate
Percentage of people who can read and write
Describe developing countries population pyramid
Higher fertility and birth rates
High death rate
Low life expectancy
Lots more children than older people - wide base which rapidly narrows
Why do developing countries have higher fertility and birth rates
No use of contraception
Why do people in developing countries have lots of children
Poor healthcare means that many infants die
Describe an emerging countries population pyramid
Base starts to narrow and the top starts to widen compared to developing countries
Why do emerging countries see their fertility rates fall
Meaning the use of contraception increases and more women work instead of having children
Women have a more equal place in society and a better education
Why does life expectancy increase in emerging countries
Better healthcare
More people of working age and there is a lower proportion of children
Describe the population pyramid of a developed country
The top of the pyramid widens further and the base gets narrower so the middle bulges out
There are lots more older people and the proportion of children decreases
Why are fertility rates low in emerging countries
Because people want possessions and a high quality of life and may have dependent elderly relatives so there is less money available for having children
Explain why life expectancy is high in developed countries
Good heath care, so the death rate is low
What affects how developed a country is
Health Colonialism and neo-colonialism Education Shape of land Climate Economic and political
How does climate affect how developed a country is
If a country has a poor climate (is really hot or really cold or really dry) not much will grow. Reducing the amount of food produced leading to malnutrition. People who are malnourished have a low quality of life.
Fewer crops to sell, so less money to spend on goods and services reducing the quality of life
How does the shape of land affect how developed a country is
If the land of a country is steep then it wont produce a lot of food. This has the same affect as poor climate
Landlocked countries limit the ability to trade
How does education affect how developed a country is
Educating produces a more skilled workforce meaning the country can produce more goods and offer more services. Bring money into the country through trade or investment
Educated people earn more so they pay more taxes, providing money that the country can spend on development
How does health affect how developed a country is
In poorer countries, lack of clean water and poor health care mean many people suffer from diseases such as cholera and malaria
People who are ill, cant work so theyre not contributing to the economy. May also need expensive medicine and health care
Lack of economic contribution and increased spending on health care means there’s less money to spend on development
