Development of Muscle and Nerve Flashcards by Squidward Tentacles

intermeditae horn

cells for ANS, up to T spine and L spine

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why neural crest cells are sometimes referred to as the 4th germ layer

neural crest cells are migratory. they are the derivative fo so many tissue types. they go up at the top of the fused neural tube then migrate away and down.

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somatotopic organization of the developing brain stem and spinal cord

Dorsally: alar = sensory(dorsal horn),
Ventrally: basal, motor (ventral horn)

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maternal diet in their prevention

folic acid bb

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smooth and cardiac muscle derivative

visceral splanchnic mesoderm

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Primary myogenesis

embryonic stage in the somites

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dorsal side of spinal nerve

neural crest cells give rise to the dorsal root ganglion

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what doe sthe myotome split up into

epimere: deep back/erector spinae muscles
hypomere: ventral, hypoaxial muscles

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hydrocephalus

water head baby

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rhombecephalon

hindbrain

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what do neural blasts differentiate into

neurons

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Three primary brain ventrivles

prosencephalon, mesencephalon,rhombecephalon

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sclerotome

resegmentation occurs so that the nerve can go thru to the muscle

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where does sensory and motor converge from the dorsal and ventral horns?

This leads to the spinal nerve itself

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ventral side of spinal nerve

motor nerves via mantle layer of teh basal plate

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neural tube defect

anencephaly and spina bifida. Anencephaly is where anterior neuropore doesn’t close, spina bifida is failure of caudal one to close

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The ____ layer dfferentiates into the ___ of teh spinal cord

the marginal layer into the whiet matter

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secondary brain vesicles

telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon

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meningomyelocele

whole ass cord out

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myotome

motor innervation

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what does the myotome split up into

epimere: deep back/erector spinae muscles
hypomere: ventral, hypoaxial muscles

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glial cell in CNS that produces myelin

oligodendrocytes

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metencephalon

cerebellum and pons

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What does the neuroepithelium surround

the neural tube

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Ventral pathway of neural crest cells

dorsal root ganglia, sympathetic chain ganglia, tehy all go thru the somites

which way does the dorsal root ganglion go

towards the alar plate and the receptors

what are the ventral and dorsal horns

for teh CNS and PNS

myelencephalon

medulla oblongata

What is a spinal nerve?

exit from the vertebrae, all of tehm are mixed for S or M

what is a ganglia

neural cell bodies outside of central nervous system

telencephalon

cerebrum ina dult

striated skeletal muscle derivative

somitomeres vai paraaxial mesoderm

hydrocephalus

water head baby due to blockage between the 3rd and 4th ventricles

somite differentiation into

dermatome, myotome, sclerotome

Dorsal pathway of neural crest cells

future melanocytes

ventricles of brain

has CSF

meningomyelocele

whoel ass cord out

mesencephalon

midbrain

Ventral pathway of neural crest cells

dorsal root ganglia, sympathetic chain ganglia, they all go thru the somites

Three primary brain ventrivles

prosencephalon, mesencephalon,rhombecephalon

Primary myogenesis

embryonic stage in the somites myoblasts fuse

neuroblasts will form the\_\_ layer which will lead to the ___ of the spinal chord

mantle layer to become the gray matter

prosencephalon

forebrain

meningocele

protrusion of the meninges

Rachischisis

no brain no back

outgrowing motor axons

convey motor info, connected to ventral side of spinal nerve

central canal

CSF,

Recall the process of neurulation

Where the neural plate folds in dorsally and fuse at the midline, neural groove --\> neural tube

dermatome

sensory portion

What can form if spina bifida happens

meningomyocele

Is when these cross in teh spinal cord

Decussation is when the roof and floor plates cross

Ventral root derives from the…

Cells of the basal plate

Dorsal root derives from the…

Neural crest cells where processes extend centrally to the alar plate

Polarity of dorsal root ganglion is

Pseudounipolar

Which end do axons grow from

Apical end

Chemoattractants

Wants griwth cone to go in right direction

Chemorepelents

Molecular signal that guides not to grow somewhere

Synaptogenesis is…

Not precises, so unused ones get apoptosed

Where does sclerotome separate for resegmentation

Caudal and cranial of two diff sclerotome segments fuse

What directs axonal growth

Growth cones towards synapse site

Metencephalon yields

Cerebellum and pons

Where does the cephalic flexure occur

Between mesencephalon and metencephalon

Rhombic lip turns into

Cerebellum

What separates the basal and alar plate

Sulcus limitans

Where to epyndemal cells live

In choroid plexus

Colliculi

Bumps

Substantia nigra

Movement

Crus cerebri

Leg of brain, from marginal region )midbrain

Diencephalon is

Anything in contact with third ventricle

What origin is pituitary gland

Ectoderm, neuroectoderm and oral ectoderm

where are these developed from

Pharyngeal arches, derived from neural crest cells and mesoderm

what is seen in pahrnygeal arches

pouchies, cleft, nerve, artery, vein,lined inside by endo, outside by ecto

Arch and each CN

1 :V3 2 : VII 3: IX 4 (& 6): X