EXAM 2 Diseases

Question 1

Erythoblastosis fetalis

Answer 1

RhoD antigens are incompatible between mom and baby. Hemolytci anemia occurs.

Question 2

hereditary spherocytosis or elliptocytosis

Answer 2

autosomal dominant. can egt destroyed due to odd shapein spleen

Question 3

leukocytosis

Answer 3

high WBC count due to infection

Question 4

Leukopenia

Answer 4

lack of WBC due to toxin/ marrow failure

Question 5

Hodgkins Lymphoma

Answer 5

starts in lymphocytes

Question 6

Vascular occlusion

Answer 6

where intima gets hella thicc

Question 7

Regional infarct

Answer 7

aliev part shows up blue, rest does not

Question 8

Clinical Disorders Involving Veins

Answer 8

Varicosities
•Thromboses
•Hemorrhoids

Question 9

Current Concepts in Diabetic Microvascular Dysfunction

Answer 9

Hyperglycemia plays a central role in creating vascular imbalancesvascular imbalances.
emodeling of the basement membrane, and sclerosis
of the capillary wall ……….of the capillary wall ……….
reduced vasodilatory activity (vessel cannot autoregulate)reduced vasodilatory activity (vessel cannot autoregulate)
compromised microvascular function (increased vascular permeability)compromised microvascular function (increased vascular permeability)
ultimately resulting in infection and ulceration of the diabetic ultimately resulting in infection and ulceration of the diabetic foot.

Question 10

smoking can cause in lungs

Answer 10

metaplasia, so like couching and shit

Question 11

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 11

A recessive genetic disorder affecting a chloride channel that results in
thick, viscous mucous that is hard to clear

Question 12

Emphysema

Answer 12

Breakdown of elastic fibers in 
alveoli and bronchioles by the 
enzyme elastase
• Alveoli form blebs – conjoined 
large air spaces
• Part of Chronic Obstructive 
Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
• Hypoxemia (low blood oxygen), 
hypercapnia (high blood CO2)
• Terminal and respiratory airways 
can collapse during expiration

Question 13

Baby bottle

tooth decay

Answer 13

Giving an infant a sugary drink at nap time or nighttime is particularly harmful because the flow of saliva decreases during sleep. Bacteria feed on the sugar from sweet drinks and produce acid, which attacks baby’s teeth.

Question 14

Mump

Answer 14

Swollen, painful salivary glands, fever and sometimes
orchitis, pancreatitis etc., about 1/3 of infected people do not orchitis, pancreatitis etc., about 1/3 of infected people do not
show symptoms, effective vaccine since 1967.show symptoms, effective vaccine since 1967

Question 15

Salivary duct cysts

Answer 15

pithelial lined cavity containing mucus and

fluids.

Question 16

Sialolithhiasis

Answer 16

Salivary stones, calcium salts deposited around

debris.

Question 17

Sialadentitis

Answer 17

nflammation of the salivary glands due to mumps
virus, influenza virus, coxacki virus or systemic disease virus, influenza virus, coxacki virus or systemic disease
(Sjogren’s).

Question 18

Hirschsprung’s disease

Answer 18

congenital disorder of the colon in which ganglion cells are absent, causing chronic constipation; congenital megacolon.

Question 19

Congenital heart defects are.

Answer 19

A leading cause of infant 
death.
• 1% of live born infants, 
incidence among 
stillborn infants is 10x

Question 20

Ectopia Cordis

Answer 20

heart out of chest

Question 21

Endocardial cushion

defect

Answer 21

walls separating all four chambers of the heart are poorly formed or absent. Valves defective too

Question 22

Atrial Septal Defect

ASD

Answer 22

a hole in the wall between the heart’s upper chambers

Question 23

DiGeorge Syndrome

Answer 23

a defect in chromosome 22.
often but not always, characterized by cellular (T-cell) deficiency, characteristic facies, congenital heart disease and hypocalcemia.

Question 24

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 24

Ventricular septal defect
2. Pulmonary stenosis
3. Overriding aorta
4. Right ventricular hypertrophy
causes cyanosis(R-L shunt)

Question 25

Annular pancreas

Answer 25

pancreas wraps aroudn jejunum. Ventral portion fails to migrate properly

Question 26

omphalocele

Answer 26

protrudes inside umbilical cord and sealed by peritoneal layer

Question 27

Gastroschisis

Answer 27

insides not inside the peritoneal layer

Question 28

Meckel’s Diverticulum

Answer 28

``` 2% (to 4%) of population – Within 2 feet of the ileocecal junction – 2 inches in length – 2% symptomatic – Detected by age 2 ```

Question 29

Meckel’s Diverticulum

Answer 29

``` 2% (to 4%) of population – Within 2 feet of the ileocecal junction – 2 inches in length – 2% symptomatic – Detected by age 2 jejunum 2 inch peepee ```

Question 30

Vitelline Cyst

Answer 30

pouchie between jejunum and umbilicus

Question 31

Vitelline fistula

Answer 31

line thru umbilicus

Question 32

imperforate anus or anorectal atresia

Answer 32

no buthol

Question 33

Fistulas and Atresias of da butthol

Answer 33

butt to peepee butt to vageegee butt to perineum no but :(

Question 34

Tracheoesophageal fistula | with esophageal atresia types

Answer 34

-no esophagus, , trachea connects to tum tum/ lower esophagus -two parts of esophagus no touchy touches trachea but not separated upper esophagus into trachea both upper and lower file into trachea

Question 35

Respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 35

Accounts for large proportion of | deaths in premature infants, no surfectant

Question 36

atelectasis can be caused by

Answer 36

hyaline cartilage disease. tiny alveoli collapse with each breath. As the alveoli collapse, damaged cells collect in the airways, which makes it even harder to breath. These cells are called hyaline membranes

Question 37

high amounts of what can cause defect?

Answer 37

vitamin A

Question 38

Oligohydramnios

Answer 38

low level of amniotic fluid due to small ass kidneys

Question 39

Morgagni | hernia

Answer 39

anterior hernia

Question 40

Bochdalek hernia

Answer 40

side/back hernia, where Right pleuroperitoneal canal closes before left side