{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Brainscape", "url": "https://www.brainscape.com/", "logo": "https://www.brainscape.com/pks/images/cms/public-views/shared/Brainscape-logo-c4e172b280b4616f7fda.svg", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/Brainscape", "https://x.com/brainscape", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/brainscape", "https://www.instagram.com/brainscape/", "https://www.tiktok.com/@brainscapeu", "https://www.pinterest.com/brainscape/", "https://www.youtube.com/@BrainscapeNY" ], "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "(929) 334-4005", "contactType": "customer service", "availableLanguage": ["English"] }, "founder": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Andrew Cohen" }, "description": "Brainscape’s spaced repetition system is proven to DOUBLE learning results! Find, make, and study flashcards online or in our mobile app. Serious learners only.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "159 W 25th St, Ste 517", "addressLocality": "New York", "addressRegion": "NY", "postalCode": "10001", "addressCountry": "USA" } }
Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CVS Anatomy > Development Of The Heart > Flashcards

Development Of The Heart Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The CVS develops in ….

A

Middle of 3rd week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

GR: CVS has to develop very early

A

Due to that the rapidly growing embryo can no longer maintain sufficient nutrition and oxygenation of inner parts by simple diffusion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mention embryonic origin of CVS & name the process

A

Mesodermal

Angiogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mention steps of formation of blood vessels

A

Mesodermal angiogenic cells form blood islands which acquire lumena and form endothelial channels which become interconnected together, the surrounding mesoderm forms mucular & CT of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mention extra & intra-embryonic vessels & origin of each

A

E: vitelline vessels around youlk sac, umbilical vessels extend to chorion, originate from extra-embryonic mesoderm
I: 2 dorsal aortae, originate from intra-embryonic splanchnic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primitive blood cells develop from …..

A

Vitelline & umbilical vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mention Intra-uterine organs of hemopoiesis & those continuing post-natal

A

Liver, spleen, bone marrow & lymph nodes

Bone marrow & lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mention shape & site of pericardial sac

A

Carnial part of U-shaped intra-embryonic coelom, between bucco-pharyngeal membrane (caudally) & septum transversum (cranially)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mention shape & site of cardiogenic plate

A

Horse-shoe shaped, ventral to pericardial sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mention steps of development from cardiogenic plate to single heart tube

A

Angiogenic cell clusters develop, they acquire lumen and fuse together forming rt & lt endocardial tubes which fuse in cranio-caudal direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mention site of myoepicardial mantle

A

Between the pericardial sac & endocardial tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mention structure separating myoepicardial mantle from heart tube

A

Cardiac jelly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mention the origin of each:

  1. Endocardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Epicardium
A
  1. Endocardial heart tube
  2. Myoepicardial tube
  3. Visceral layer of pericardial sac
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The heart tube & pericardial sac rotate on a transverse axis …. Degrees

A

180

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe position of heart tube relative to neighbouring structures following folding

A

Ventral to foregut
Cranial to septum transversum
Caudal to bucco-pharyngeal membrane
Dorsal to pericardial sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The endocardial heart tube invades pericardial sac from …. Aspect

A

Dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Absorption of dorsal mesocardium leads to formation of …..

A

Transverse sinus of pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mention dilatations of heart tube in cranio-caudal order

A

Truncys arteriosus, bulbus cordis, ventricle, atrium, sinus venosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The first chamber to appear are ……&…. . The last is ….

A

Bulbus cordis, ventricle

Sinus venosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

….&… are initially outside pericardial sac

A

Atrium & sinus venosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Each horn of sinus venosus recieves the following:

A
  1. Vitelline vein from yolk sac
  2. Umbilical vein from placenta
  3. Common cardinal vein from body wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A total of ….. arches connect each dorsal aorta with corresponding horn.
Mention fate of 2 dorsal aorta

A

6

Their caudal parts fuse together forming single dorsal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mention causes of bending of heart tube

A
  1. Elongation of heart tube while its two ends are fixed
  2. Disproportionate growth of heart tube & pericardial sac
  3. Disproportionate growth of different parts of heart tube
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Steps of bending of heart tube

A
  1. Bulbus cordis & ventricle elongate more rapidly with formation of U-shaped bulbo-ventricular loop.
  2. Cardiac loop becomes S-shaped as the atrium & sinus venosus are dragged inside pericardial sac with approximation of the arterial & venous ends of the loop.
  3. Blbus cordis shifts to right of ventricle
  4. The atrium expands transversely amd bulges on either side of bulbus cordis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Heart & pericardium migrate from ….. to ….
3rd - 4th somites | 17th - 20th somites
26
Both valves of sinus venosus fuse together cranially forming …..
Septum spurium
27
What happens due to the left to right shunt of venous blood?
Right horn progressively enlarges in comparison to the diminishing body and left horn. Sino-atrial orifice moves to right opening into future right atrium
28
Describe formation of smooth part of right atrium & its name
Sinus venarum | Right horn is incorporated into the right atrium due to wifening of sino-atrial orifice.
29
Mention fate of tributaries of right horn of sinus venosus
The right commmon cardinal , lower part of SVC The opening of right vitelline vein, opening of IVC Right umbilical disappears
30
Mention fate of tributaries of left horn of sinus venosus
Body & left horn, coronary sinus Left common cardinal, oblique vein of left atrium Left umbilical & vitelline veins lose their connections
31
Mention fate of valve sinus venosus
Upper part of right vv, crista terminalis Lower part of right vv, valves of IVC & coronary sinus Left venous valve, inter-atrial septum
32
Where do endocardial cushions appear? What do they form?
On ventral & dorsal walls of A-V canal | Septum intermedium which divides canal into right & keft parts
33
Fate of A-V canal
1. Ventricular opening develops endothelial proliferation which forms cusps of A-V valves. 2. Share in formation of atria 3. Membranous part of IV septum
34
Compare 1, foramen primum & 2, foramen secondum
1, the septum primum grows from roof of atrium towards septum intermedium separated from it by foramen primum. 2, the septum primum ruptures in its center forming foramen secondum
35
Mention site of septum secobdum & foramen found below it
Right side of septum primum | Foramen ovale
36
Describe the flow of blood in fetal heart & mechnism to prevent regurge
It passes from right atrium to left atrium via a tortuous S-shaped course through foramen ovale then foramen secondum. The flap-valvular action of remaining lower part of septum primum closes foramen ovale preventing regurge.
37
What is the result if absorption if proximal part of pulmonary venous system
The four pulmonary veins open directly in the left atrium
38
Mention sources of right atrium
The right half of primitive The absorbed right horn of sinus venosus The upper part of right atrio-ventricular canal
39
Mention sources of left atrium
The left half of primitive atrium, absorbed pulmonary veins, upper part of left atrio-ventricular canal.
40
Fate of lower part of bulbus cordis
Incorporated with common ventricle forming bulbo-ventricular chamber. It forms rough inflowing parts of both ventricles.
41
Describe development if proximal part of smooth part of bulbus cordis
Divided by proximal bulbar septum to ventral (infundibulum of Rt ventricle) & dorsal (vestibule of Lt ventricle). The septum shares in IV septum.
42
Describe development if distal part of smooth part of bulbus cordis
Divided by dorsal bulbar septum into dorsal (aortic orifice) & ventral (pulmonary orifice) Each orifice develops 3 valves (aortic, 2A & 1P,,pulmonary 2P & 1A) at the beginning, then with rotation the semilunar valves assume their normal anatomical position. They are also hollowed forming cusps.
43
Mention origin of muscular part of the IV septum
Initially result of dilatation of both ventricles & fusion of opposing walls. Later, active cellular proliferation
44
Mention origin of membranous part of IV septum
1. The septum intermedium (mainly dorsal cushion) | 2. The proximal bulbar septum
45
What structures result from spongework cavitation of myocardium
Trabeculae carneae, papillary muscles, chordae tendinae
46
Name the septum dividing ascending aorta & pulmonary trunk
Spiral aortico-pulmonary septum
47
GR: The valves are situated at the beginning of ascending aorta & pulmonary trunk
Because the lower border of the spiral septum fuses with distal bulbar septum.
48
GR: The two great vessels are ensheathed by a single coat of serous pericardium
Because the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta are developed from the same tube.
49
GR; Helical arrangement of the two great vessels
Because of the spirality of the septum separating them
50
Mention methods of formation of cardiac septa
Cell proliferation | Non-growing ridge between 2 expanding chambers (never divides lumen)
51
All cardiac septa develop in the ……, except ….. develops in …..
4th week Aortico-pulmonary septum 5th week
52
Frequency of CHD is ….. | They occur due to …..
6-8/1000 births | Genetic or environmental causes
53
Mention cardiac anomalies of position
Dextricardia | Ectopia cordis
54
Describe dextricardia & its cause
Right sided heart, alone or in situs inversus totalis. | Due to bending of heart to the right & not to the left
55
Describe ectopia cordis & its cause
Heart protrudes through a median gap in chest, due to faulty development of the sternum.
56
Mention variants of site of atrial septum defect and its C/P
A hole in middle of inter-atrial septum (site of fossa ovalis) A hole in lower part of interatrial septum (fossa primum defect) +/- persistent A-V canal A hole in upper part of interatrial septum Trilocular biventricular heart C/P cyanosis due to right-to-left shunt
57
Causes of interatrial defect according to site
Middle: 1. Underdeveloped septum secondum 2. Excessive resorption of septum primum 3. Failure of fusion of septa (probe-patent fossa ovalis) founf in 25% of normal hearts Lower: failure of endocardial cushions to grow and fill fossa primum +/- failure of cushions to grow together. Upper: due to failure of absorption of sinus venosus & failure of incorporation of the venosus valve to the septum Common atrium: failure of formation of both septa
58
Mention types of atrial septal defects (4)
1. Patent foramen ovale 2. Endocardial cushion ASD 3. Sinus venous ASD 4. Common atrium
59
Mention the VSDs their cause & description
Membranous VSD, persistence in IV foramen, due to failure of formation of membranous part (Roger’s disease) Muscular VSD, a hole or mutiple holes (swiss cheese VSD) in muscypular septum due to excessive cavitation Common ventrucle, due to failure of formation of both septa
60
Mention defects if truncus arteriosus
1. Persistent truncus arteriosus 2. Tramsposition of geart vessels 3. Congenital stenosis or atresia of pulmonary or aortic orifice 4. Fallot’s tetralogy
61
Mention description & cause of pesistent truncus arteriosus
One vessel recieves blood from both ventricles & distributes it to pulmonary & systemic circulations Due to failure of formation aortico-pulmonary septum
62
Mention description & cause of transposition of great vessels
The aorta from rt v & pulmonary trunck from lt v | Due to formation of non-spiral pulmonary septum
63
Mention cause of stenosis or atresia of aortic or pulmonary orifice
Unequal division of truncus arteriosus
64
Write a short note on Fallot’s tetralogy
1. Pulmonary stenosis 2. Hypertrophy if Rt ventricle 3. Membranous VSD 4. Overriding of aorta on pulmonary septum Caused by unequal division of truncus arteriosus with very narrow pulmonary trunk & its valve & very wide aorta & its valve, rt ventricular hypertrophy is 2ry to pulmonary stenosis.
65
The most common congenital heart defect is …..
VSD
66
… is common in males,….is common in females
VSD, ASD
67
…… is the most common cause of neonatal cyanosis
Fallot’s tetralogy

CVS Anatomy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions