Development of the Nervous System

Question 1

Above the 4th somite:

At and below the 4th somite:

Answer 1

Brain

Spinal cord

Question 2

Anatomy of the spinal cord (gray matter)

Answer 2

Posterior (sensory), Lateral (autonomic), Anterior (motor) horns.

Question 3

Anatomy of the spinal cord (white matter)

Answer 3

Posterior (sensory), Lateral (autonomic), Anterior (motor) funniculi.

Question 4

Lateral horn is only located:

Answer 4

From T1 - L2.

Question 5

Alar plate

Answer 5

Will become sensory portion.

Question 6

Basal plate

Answer 6

Will become motor portion.

Question 7

Sulcans limitans

Answer 7

Will separate alar and basal plates.

Question 8

Embryonic cells of Ventricular, Intermediate (Mantle), Marginal Zones

Answer 8

VZ: ependymal and choroid plexus cells.
IZ: gray matter. Neurons and astrocytes.
MZ: white matter. Myelinated axons.

Question 9

Neural tube gives rise to neuroectoderm which gives rise to:

Answer 9

Neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, choroid plexus.

Question 10

Microglial cells come from:

Answer 10

Mesoderm

Question 11

Where does the newborn’s spinal cord end?

Answer 11

L2-L3

SC grows much slower than VC.

Question 12

High BMP causes:

Answer 12

Dorsal differentiation (alar plate). Comes from the roof plate. Sensory.
PAX3 and PAX7 genes are activated.

Question 13

High SHH causes:

Answer 13

Ventral differentiation (basal plate). Comes from notochord and floor plate. Motor.
NKX 2.2 and NKX 6.1 are activated.

Question 14

What cell types form the PNS?

Answer 14

Neural crest and ectodermal placode.

Question 15

Motor neurons and preganglionic autonomic neurons come from:

Answer 15

Neural tube cells

Question 16

Neurons from dorsal root ganglia, Schwann cells, and SNS and PSNS ganglia come from:

Answer 16

Neural crest

Question 17

CNS is myelinated by:

Answer 17

Oligodenrocytes and occurs from 6 mo. to puberty.

Question 18

PNS is myelinated by:

Answer 18

Schwann cells. Occurs prior to 4 mo. Motor roots before sensory.

Question 19

Dorsal (posterior) root

Answer 19

Sensory. From neural crest.

Question 20

Ventral (anterior) root

Answer 20

Motor. From neuroectoderm.

Question 21

Spinal nerves

Answer 21

Mixed sensory and motor nerves.

Question 22

Dorsal ramus

Answer 22

Mixed. Motor to dorsal muscles and sensory to dorsal integument.

Question 23

Ventral ramus

Answer 23

Mixed. Motor to limbs lateral and ventral to body wall. Sensory to to integument of same region.

Question 24

Rami are the:

Answer 24

Communication centers.

Question 25

GSE

Answer 25

Motor to somatic muscle.

Question 26

GVE

Answer 26

Autonomics to smooth and cardiac and glands.

Question 27

SVE

Answer 27

Motor to muscles from pharyngeal arches.

Question 28

GSA

Answer 28

From neural crest. Sensory to skin, joint capsules, tendons and muscles.

Question 29

GVA

Answer 29

Sensory of visceral structures.

Question 30

SSA

Answer 30

Hearing, balance, sight.

Question 31

SVA

Answer 31

Taste and smell.

Question 32

Efferent neurons are from: | Afferent neurons are from:

Answer 32

Neuroectoderm | Neural crest

Question 33

Ganglion and postganglionic neurons are from:

Answer 33

Neural crest.

Question 34

Preganglionic neurson are from:

Answer 34

Neuroectoderm.

Question 35

Sympathetic region of spine

Answer 35

Thoracolumbar T1 - L2.

Question 36

Sympathetic neurons have:

Answer 36

Short and myelinated preganglionic neurons. Long and unmyelinated postganglionic neurons.

Question 37

Parasympathetic neurons have:

Answer 37

Long and myelinated preganglionic neurons. Short and unmyelinated postganglionic neurons.

Question 38

Parasympathetic regions of spine

Answer 38

Cranial and sacral regions.