Development of the skull

Question 1

_________: is the protective case of the brain

Answer 1

neurocranium

Question 2

The neurocranium is derived from _____ & ____

Answer 2

occipital somites and somitomeres

Question 3

Somites are derived from ____derm

Answer 3

mesoderm

Question 4

The membranious portion of the neurocranium is derived from the _____

Answer 4

neural crest

Question 5

The chondral portion of the neurocranium is derived from the______

Answer 5

neural crest and occipital somites and somitomere

Question 6

bones of the base of the skull are formed by the _______

Answer 6

cartilaginous neurocranium

Question 7

What is the main difference btw membraneous and cartilaginous neurocranium

Answer 7

membraneous: mesenchymal stage –> ossification
cartilaginous: mesenchymal –> cartilage –> bone

Question 8

_____ neurocranium form the sides and roof of the skull

Answer 8

membranous

Question 9

______: fibrous tissue membrane separating the bones of the calvaria of a newborn

Answer 9

fontanels

Question 10

_____ are soft membranous gaps between the incompletely formed cranial bones

Answer 10

fontanels

Question 11

_____ is the last area of the calvaria to under go ossofication.

This occurs at age: _____

Answer 11

anterior fontanelle

closes by 1.5 yrs

Question 12

The ________ fontanelle closes at 6 months

Answer 12

posterior fontanelle

Question 13

_____ can tell Dr. the degree of hydration of the infant

Answer 13

fontanel

Question 14

_____ can tel a Dr. the progress of growth of the frontal and parietal bones

Answer 14

fontanel

Question 15

_____ can tell a Dr. the level of intracranial pressure

Answer 15

fontanel

Question 16

C.C. if an infant has severse diarrhea the _____ will be depressed

Answer 16

fontanel

- bc of dehydration

Question 17

The anterior fontanel is the future site of the ___

Answer 17

bregma

Question 18

union of the halves of the frontal fontanel begin by the _____ yr

Answer 18

second

Question 19

complete fusion of the fontanel occurs by the end of the ______ yr

Answer 19

1st year

Question 20

Name of the anterolateral frontanel

Answer 20

sphenoidal

• fuses with posterlateral frontanel –> less important clinically

Question 21

name of Posterolateral frontanel

Answer 21

mastoid

Question 22

The viscerocranium is mainly formed by the _________

Answer 22

THE FIRST TWO PHARYNGEAL ARCHES

bars of mesechymal tis

Question 23

The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arches is called the ___

Answer 23

maxillary process

Question 24

What three bones does the dorsal portion (maxillary process) of the first pharyngeal arches give rise to?

Answer 24

1. maxilla
2. zygomatic
3. temporal

Question 25

The ventral portion of the viscerocranium pharyngeal arches gives rise to the _____

Answer 25

meckel's catilage (aka mandibular process)

Question 26

What does the ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch become after birth

Answer 26

sphenomandibular lig --> the dorsal tip of this process froms the incus and malleus

Question 27

The incus and malleus is formed from the _______

Answer 27

sphenomandibular lig (remanents of the ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arches "meckel's cartilage")

Question 28

The second arch cartilage of the dorsal pharyngeal arches gives rise to ____ & ____

Answer 28

stapes & styloid

Question 29

The second arch cartilage of the ventral pharyngeal arches gives rise to ____ & ____

Answer 29

lesser horn & superior portion of the body of the hyoid bone

Question 30

What embrylogical structure is the hyoid formed from

Answer 30

second pharyngeal arch (lesser horn & sup. portion) third pharyngeal arch

Question 31

At the center of the pharyngeal arches (center of the ventral and dorsal portion) is the _____

Answer 31

stomodeum

Question 32

3 reasons that babies have small facial regions

Answer 32

1. small size of the jaw 2. virtual absence of the paranasal sinuses 3. underdevelopment of facial bones at birth

Question 33

The small size of a babies ____ contributes to their small facial region

Answer 33

jaw

Question 34

The absence of a _____ in babies contributes to a small facial region

Answer 34

paranasal sinuses

Question 35

The underdevelopment of the ____ at birth contributes to babies small faces

Answer 35

facial bones

Question 36

The ___ of the calvaria allow for the growth of the brain (until about the age of 16)

Answer 36

fibrous sutures

Question 37

The paranasal sinuses reach their max size during ____

Answer 37

puberty - contributes to the shape of the face

Question 38

___ & ___ contribute to the structure of a babies face

Answer 38

teeth and paranasal sinuses

Question 39

Sinuses are important in altering the _____ of the face, _______ the skull, and adding ___ to the voice

Answer 39

shape of face lightening of skull resonance to the voice

Question 40

c.c _____: premature closure of the sutures of the skull

Answer 40

craniosynostosis

Question 41

cc: ____: premature closure of the sagittal suture

Answer 41

scaphocephaly (dolichocephaly)

Question 42

cc: ___ : premature closure of coronal or lambdoid suture on ONLY one side

Answer 42

plagiocephaly--> lopsided head | - plagiarism of one side

Question 43

cc: _____ : premature closure of the entire coronal suture

Answer 43

oxycephaly (turricephaly)

Question 44

cc______: failure of the cranial end of the neural tube to close during 4th week of development

Answer 44

acrania (meroanencephaly)

Question 45

____ is the absence of the calvaria & portion of the upper brain

Answer 45

acrania "a"-without "crania"-head

Question 46

Acrania occurs when the mother is ____ deficient

Answer 46

follic acid

Question 47

cc________: abnormal CNS development; usually results in mentally retardation

Answer 47

microcephaly

Question 48

_______ ossification is when the base of the skulls cartilage ossifies

Answer 48

endochondral ossification

Question 49

c.c. metopic suture:

Answer 49

failure for the anterior fontanel (frontal bone) to completely fuse

Question 50

c.c. caput succedaneum

Answer 50

when the scalp/ soft rtissure of the head schanges shape during birth and swells

Question 51

mechels cartilage gives rise to the ____&____

Answer 51

incus & malleus