Development of the Urinary System (Embryo)

Question 1

The urogenital system can functionally be divided into what two systems?

Answer 1

Urinary system

Genital system

Question 2

Both the urinary system and genital system develop from a _____ _____ ____ (intermediate mesoderm)

Answer 2

common mesodermal ridge

Question 3

As the intermediate mesoderm develops it moves in a _____ to ______ direction

Answer 3

cranial

caudal

Question 4

In what week do we really begin to see the development of the urogenital system?

Answer 4

week 4

Question 5

The urogenital system is derived embryologically from what mesoderm?

Answer 5

intermediate

Question 6

Any structure derived from intermediate mesoderm is in a _______ position

Answer 6

retroperitoneal

Question 7

The urogenital ridge can be separated into what two sections?

Answer 7

nephrogenic and genital

Question 8

The kidneys develop in a ____ to ___ sequence

Answer 8

cranial

caudal

Question 9

The kidney has 3 slightly overlapping kidney systems, what are they?

Answer 9

Pronephros (rudimentary, nonfunctional)
Mesonephros (function for a short time during early fetal period)
Metanephros (forms the permanent kidney)

Question 10

Renoagenesis (kidney doesn’t develop at all) can be seen as early as day ____

Answer 10

23

Question 11

The Pronephroid is the primitive _____ and is _______ in terms of functionality

Answer 11

kidney

non-functional

Question 12

The pronephroid appears at day ____ and degenerates by day ____

Answer 12

21

24

Question 13

The mesonephros appears in early week ___

Answer 13

4

Question 14

The mesonephros begin to develop in the ____ and ___ vertebral levels

Answer 14

thoracic and lumbar

Question 15

The thoracic segments of the mesonephros regress in week ____ but the mesonephric kidney continues functioning until week ____

Answer 15

5

10

Question 16

The mesonephros is functional at what weeks?

Answer 16

6-10

Question 17

mesonephric vesicles develop in what direction?

Answer 17

craniocaudal

Question 18

The nephrogenic chord makes a space termed the _____

Answer 18

mesonephric vesicle

Question 19

The mesonephric vesicle begins to grow toward the mesonephric duct, forming what structure?

Answer 19

mesonephric tubule

Question 20

Mesonephric ducts extend into lower lumbar and fuse with cloaca, this structure contributes to the ___ ____

Answer 20

posterior bladder

Question 21

Canalization begins ____ and grows _____

Answer 21

caudally

cranially

Question 22

The mesonephric duct joining the cloaca initiates growth of the _______ _____

Answer 22

Metanephric diverticulum (ureteric bud)

Question 23

The metanephroid has 2 components what are they?

Answer 23

Collecting portion

Excretory portion

Question 24

The collecting portion gives rise to what structures?

Answer 24

renal pelvis, ureters, collecting ducts, major & minor calyces

Question 25

The excretory portion gives rise to what?

Answer 25

forms Bowmans capsule, PCT, DCT, and loop of Henle

Question 26

The metanephric blastema is a mass of ____ which gives rise to what structure?

Answer 26

mesencyme | kidney

Question 27

The ascent of the kidney occurs in what weeks?

Answer 27

6-9

Question 28

The kidneys initially form near the ____ end of the embryo

Answer 28

caudal

Question 29

The growth in length of the kidneys causes them to _____

Answer 29

ascend

Question 30

T/F: Kidneys drag their blood supply with them as they ascend

Answer 30

False. They do not drag them they send out new and slightly more cranial branches, which cause the regression of the more caudal branches

Question 31

If the kidney does not ascend it is called what?

Answer 31

pelvic kidney

Question 32

If the inferior poles of both kidneys fuse together what is it called?

Answer 32

Horseshoe kidney

Question 33

A kidney with more than 1 renal artery has _____ aa. and is usually caused by what?

Answer 33

supernumerary | improper regression of branches of arteries during ascent of the kidney

Question 34

The ______ will start to occlude and become obliterated and will be called the urachus in adults

Answer 34

Allantois

Question 35

The Allantois will start to occlude and become obliterated. This structure is called what in the adult?

Answer 35

urachus

Question 36

Persistent intraembryonic allantois can cause what 3 complications?

Answer 36

Urachal cyst Urachal sinus Urachal fistula

Question 37

When allantois closes off at either end, but you have swelling of fluid in it to create a pocket is termed what?

Answer 37

Urachal cyst

Question 38

Allantois closure at one end, open on the other is termed what?

Answer 38

Urachal sinus

Question 39

Alantois not closed off at all creates what?

Answer 39

Urachal fistula