Development of the Vasculature

Question 1

what is vasculogenesis?

Answer 1

blood vessels forming directly from mesoderm.

Question 2

where and when to the formation of blood cells occur?

Answer 2

Begins in the yolk sac, week 3

Question 3

Hemangioblasts differentiate into what 2 cell types?

Answer 3

• Haematopoietic stem cells

- Endothelial Precursor cells

Question 4

what is angiogenesis?

Answer 4

more common type of blood vessel formation.

Question 5

what is haematopoiesis?

Answer 5

blood cell production

Question 6

when does blood cell production in liver occur?

Answer 6

4 weeks

Question 7

when does blood cell production in bone marrow occur?

Answer 7

10.5 weeks

Question 8

what aortic arch is absent in human but present in fish?

Answer 8

5

Question 9

pharyngeal arch 1 and 2

Answer 9

• mostly obliterated

- gives maxillary artery and stapedial artery

Question 10

pharyngeal arch 3

Answer 10

gives common carotid aa. and 1st parts of Internal carotid aa.

Question 11

pharyngeal arch 6

Answer 11

• gives branches that form pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosis
• pulmonary system

Question 12

pharyngeal arch 4

Answer 12

• gives right subclavian artery and part of aortic arch

- not symmetrical on left and right

Question 13

5th pharyngeal arch

Answer 13

rudimentary or not present

Question 14

arches arise form what?

Answer 14

from the aortic sac, the most distal part of the truncus arteriosus

Question 15

what happens to the right dorsal aorta?

Answer 15

it degenerates

Question 16

The external carotid arteries come from where?

Answer 16

sprout from the common carotid aa.

Question 17

what is embryonic vasculature?

Answer 17

venous system more complicated than arterial.

Question 18

Name the arteries

Answer 18

• internal carotid
• aortic arches
• dorsal aorta
• umbilical artery
• vitelline artery - go to yolk sac

Question 19

Name the veins

Answer 19

• Anterior cardinal vein
• common cardinal vein
• posterior cardinal vein
• umbilical vein
• viltelline vein

Question 20

what arteries come off the dorsal aorta?

Answer 20

vitelline arteries and umbilical cord

Question 21

the vitelline arteries supply what?

Answer 21

gut

Question 22

pharyngeal pouches become what?

Answer 22

glands and canals

Question 23

what are the intersegmental arteries to the body wall?

Answer 23

• thoracic region= intercostal aa.
• lumbar region= lumbar aa.
• sacral region= lateral sacral aa.

Question 24

what is within the cervical region?

Answer 24

7 cervical intersegmental arteries anastomose longitudinally. No. 7 becomes left subclavian.

Question 25

vertebral artery goes to supply what?

Answer 25

brain structures

Question 26

Describe the vitelline and umbilical veins.

Answer 26

As the liver grows it surrounds vitelline veins and they grow inside hepatic sinusoids form and newly formed blood cells enter walls.

Question 27

what happens I the second month of developments with the vitelline and umbilical veins?

Answer 27

connection between sinus venosus and umbilical veins is lost.

Question 28

what is the ductus venosus?

Answer 28

shortcut for blood from placenta

Question 29

what do the anterior cardinal drain?

Answer 29

head and neck

Question 30

what are the anterior cardinal veins?

Answer 30

jugular veins, L. brachiocephalic, SVC and left superior intercostal

Question 31

what do the posterior cardinal drain?

Answer 31

drain trunk

Question 32

what does the supra cardinal vv. drain?

Answer 32

azygous and Hemiazygous

Question 33

what does the sub cardinal vv. drain?

Answer 33

Gonadal and renal vv. Part of IVC

Question 34

what does the Sacrocardinal vv. drain?

Answer 34

Part of IVC, Iliac vv.

Question 35

what side receives more blood during development?

Answer 35

right side of SV receives most of returning blood so gets bigger.

Question 36

What happens during the development of sinus venosus.

Answer 36

Left side looses umbilical and vitelline veins. Right vitelline. Right side eventually looses umbilical vein which causes right vitelline vein to enlarge and drain blood from gut.

Question 37

What is the sinus venarum?

Answer 37

The right sinus horn is incorporated into right atrium and forms smoothed wall of right atrium

Question 38

what makes up the remnants of the left sinus horn?

Answer 38

Oblique vein of left atrium and coronary sinus

Question 39

Pulmonary veins form what?

Answer 39

form smooth wall part of left atrium

Question 40

Foramen secundum forms where?

Answer 40

forms in septum primum

Question 41

Foramen ovalae forms where?

Answer 41

forms in septum secundum

Question 42

The Vitelline veins give rise to what?

Answer 42

- portal venous system draining gut - Heptaic sinusoids and veins - Hepatic portion of IVC

Question 43

The Umbilical veins give rise to what?

Answer 43

- Distal part of L. umbilical v. -> definitive umbilical v. and ductus venosus - Umbilical v. -> Ligamentum Teres - Ductus venosus -> Ligamentum Venosum