Development of Vasculature

Question 1

What are the 3 different components of the venous system?

Answer 1

Vitelline (yolk sac); cardinal (systemic); umbilical

Question 2

Where does the formation of the 1st blood cells and vessels occur?

Answer 2

In the yolk sac (week 3)

Question 3

What are hemangioblasts?

Answer 3

Progenitors that form the blood islands

Question 4

What do hemangioblasts differentiate into?

Answer 4

Hematopoietic stem cells; endothelial precursor cells

Question 5

What are endothelial precursor cells?

Answer 5

Wall of blood vessels

Question 6

What are haematopoietic stem cells?

Answer 6

Immature cells that can develop into all types of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets

Question 7

As the yolk sac is not big enough, what organ takes over to perform haematopoisesis?

Answer 7

Liver (week 4)

Question 8

After the liver takes over, in week 10/10.5 what then replaces the liver to perform haematopoisesis?

Answer 8

Bone marrow

Question 9

What is haemoatopoisesis?

Answer 9

Blood cell production

Question 10

Where do the earliest vessels come from?

Answer 10

Vasculogensis

Question 11

What is vasculogensis?

Answer 11

Endothelial precursor cells join to form vesicles that form enlongated tubes

Question 12

What takes over vasculogenesis?

Answer 12

Angiogenesis

Question 13

What is angiogenesis?

Answer 13

When old vessels sprout new vessels

Question 14

How many pairs of aortic arches are there?

Answer 14

6 (in pharyngeal arches)

Question 15

What happens do the 1st and 2nd aortic pairs?

Answer 15

They are obliterated

Question 16

Name the 1st and 2nd pair of aortic arches?

Answer 16

Maxillary; Stapedial

Question 17

What happens to the 5th pair of aortic arches?

Answer 17

Disappears/has no function/absent

Question 18

What are the 3rd pair of aortic arches?

Answer 18

Common carotid artery; first part of internal carotid artery

Question 19

What are the 4th pair of aortic arches?

Answer 19

Left side contributes to part of the aortic arch and right side contributes the subclavian artery

Question 20

What are the 6th pair of aortic arches?

Answer 20

Sprout branches that form pulmonary artery, ductus arteriosus on the left, and communicates with the aorta

Question 21

What branch do the external carotid arteries come from?

Answer 21

Internal carotid artery

Question 22

Describe the development of the 6th aortic arch pair

Answer 22

Initially forms communication on the left as the ductus arteriosus; main branch grows into the lungs giving pulmonary vasculature (cranial nerve is associated with this)

Question 23

What is the right recurrent nerve trapped by?

Answer 23

Right subclavian artery

Question 24

What fuses to create the aorta?

Answer 24

Left and right aortae (gives many branches)

Question 25

What in the yolk sac connects with the embryonic vasculature?

Answer 25

Vitelline veins, arteries and vessels

Question 26

What else do the structures in the yolk sac do?

Answer 26

Grow out of the sac towards mid gut creating vessels that connect the dorsal aorta

Question 27

What is the yolk sac associated with?

Answer 27

3 vessels that supply the abdominal gut (midgut, hindgut, foregut)

Question 28

What do the lateral branches of the dorsal aorta supply?

Answer 28

Structures in the abdominal cavity (i.e suprarenal cavity; gonadal artery)

Question 29

What artery is associated with the thoracic region?

Answer 29

Intercostal artery

Question 30

What artery is associated with the lumbar region?

Answer 30

Lumbar artery

Question 31

What artery is associated with the sacral region?

Answer 31

Lateral Sacral artery

Question 32

How many cervical arteries are there?

Answer 32

7

Question 33

List the 7 cervial arteries

Answer 33

Right vertebral artery; common carotid artery; brachiocephalic artery; left subclavian artery; left vertebral artery; internal thoracic artery; descending aorta

Question 34

What is an anastomose?

Answer 34

A cross-section between vessels

Question 35

What vessels are lost?

Answer 35

Intersegmental vessels

Question 36

What do the vitelline veins drain?

Answer 36

Yolk sac

Question 37

What do the vitelline veins form?

Answer 37

Portal venous system

Question 38

What does the portal venous system drain?

Answer 38

Gut, that goes back to the heart via the liver (hepatic sinusoids/veins)

Question 39

What are the vitelline veins also associated with?

Answer 39

IVC (smll component)

Question 40

What does the distal part of the left umbilical vein form?

Answer 40

Ductus venosus and definitive umbilical vein

Question 41

What does the umbilical vein form?

Answer 41

Ligamentum teres (after it is lost after birth)

Question 42

What does the ductus venosus form?

Answer 42

Ligamentum venosum

Question 43

What is the ligamentum venosum?

Answer 43

It is a ligament that connects the umbilical vein to the IVC

Question 44

What is the ligament teres?

Answer 44

A ligament that contains a blood vessel that contributes to the femoral head during childhood

Question 45

What does the liver form as?

Answer 45

A sprout from gut tube

Question 46

As the liver grows, what does it do?

Answer 46

Engulfs the vitelline veins (become part of liver) and forms venous system (hepatic sinusoids)

Question 47

What kind of channels connect the hepatic venous system to the sinus venosum?

Answer 47

Hepatocardiac channels

Question 48

What is the single large connection to the liver?

Answer 48

Hepatic vein

Question 49

Within the liver itself, a large vessel forms, what is this called?

Answer 49

Ductus venosus

Question 50

Describe the pathway of blood coming in through left umbilical

Answer 50

Comes in through ductus venosus and then goes back towards the developing heart

Question 51

What happens to the right umbilical vein?

Answer 51

Thins out and regresses until it disappears

Question 52

What veins unite to form the common cardinal veins?

Answer 52

Anterior and posterior cardinal veins

Question 53

What does the anterior cardinal vein drain?

Answer 53

Head; neck; upper limb

Question 54

What does the anastomosis between the anterior cardinal veins develop into?

Answer 54

Left brachiocephalic vein

Question 55

What is the SVC formed from?

Answer 55

The right common carotid vein and proximal part of right anterior cardinal vein

Question 56

The right anterior cardinal veins form the?

Answer 56

Internal jugular veins

Question 57

The left posterior cardinal vein entering the left brachiocephalic vein is retained as what small vessel?

Answer 57

Left superior intercostal vein

Question 58

The anastomosis between the subcardinal veins forms what?

Answer 58

Left renal vein

Question 59

Once the left subcardinal ven disappears what is left?

Answer 59

Left gonadal vein

Question 60

The right subcardinal vein develops into?

Answer 60

Renal segment of the IVC

Question 61

The anastomosis between rhe sacrocardinal veins forms what?

Answer 61

Left common iliac vein

Question 62

What forms the azygos vein?

Answer 62

Right supracardinal vein and a portion of the posterior cardinal vein

Question 63

What forms the hemiazygos?

Answer 63

Left supracardinal vein

Question 64

What horn increases in size due to shift in blood?

Answer 64

Right horn

Question 65

What happens to the left anterior and posterior cardinal veins?

Answer 65

They regress

Question 66

What does the sinus venosus lose connection with?

Answer 66

Vitelline vein

Question 67

What happens to the left and right umbilical veins?

Answer 67

They regress

Question 68

What veins increase in size due to extra space from regressing veins?

Answer 68

Systemic veins

Question 69

Where does the right horn connect to?

Answer 69

Right atrium

Question 70

What is found in the left horn?

Answer 70

Conorary sinus

Question 71

What is formed in the left horn?

Answer 71

A small opening into right atrium providing venous return frm heart

Question 72

What blood is carried in umbilical vein?

Answer 72

Oxygenated blood

Question 73

What kind blood is in the IVC?

Answer 73

Mixed

Question 74

What blood is carried by the SVC to the right atrium?

Answer 74

Systemic blood

Question 75

What happens to the umbilical veins and arteries after birth?

Answer 75

Breakdown and become fibrous structure