Developmental Block A

Question 1

_____ million oogonia at 12 WGA

Answer 1

5

Question 2

____ million primay oocytes at birth

Answer 2

2

Question 3

development of chorionic sac occurs when?

Answer 3

end of second week

Question 4

the core of a primary chorionic villi is

Answer 4

cytotrophoblasts

Question 5

the core of a secondary chorionic villi is

Answer 5

mesenchyme

Question 6

the mesenchyme core of a secondary chorionic villi will differentiate into ______, becoming a tertiary chorionic villi

Answer 6

capillaries and blood vessels

Question 7

what makes up the chorion?

Answer 7

etraembryonic somatic mesoderm and the two layers of the trophoblast

Question 8

decidual reaction-

Answer 8

cellular and vascular changes in the endometrium as the blastocyst implants

Question 9

when does baby start to swallow amniotic fluid?

Answer 9

5th month

Question 10

amniocentesis are done after ____ WGA

Answer 10

15

Question 11

discordant twins-

Answer 11

shunted arterial blood from one twin through atriovenous anastomoses into venous circulation of other leads to one twin being underdeveloped

Question 12

when does the primitive streak degenerate?

Answer 12

end of 4th week

Question 13

intraembryonic mesoderm divides into what 3 layers?

Answer 13

paraxial, intermediate, and lateral mesoderm

Question 14

paraxial mesoderm gives rise to what?

Answer 14

skeleton, striated muscle, dermis, and CT

Question 15

intermediate mesoderm gives rise to what?

Answer 15

urogenital system

Question 16

lateral mesoderm gives rise to what?

Answer 16

muscles of viscera, serous membranes, primordial heart, blood, spleen,

Question 17

somite period between what days

Answer 17

20-30

Question 18

how many somites at 20 days

Answer 18

1-4

Question 19

how many somites at 30 days

Answer 19

35

Question 20

intraembryonic coelom is developed in what week?

Answer 20

3rd

Question 21

3 body cavities that the intraembryonic coelom will divide into

Answer 21

pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal

Question 22

most nervous system cells will derive from

Answer 22

neural crest cells

Question 23

neural tube formation begins in the ___ week of development

Answer 23

3rd

Question 24

secondary neurulation-

Answer 24

secondary cavity formation at the caudal end of the neural tube to form the sacral spinal cord

Question 25

what gives rise to the CNS?

Answer 25

neuroectoderm of the neural plate

Question 26

Von Recklinghausen disease-

Answer 26

neurofibromatosis

Question 27

CHARGE Syndrome stands for

Answer 27

Coloboma, Heart defects, Atresi choanae, retardation of growth and development, genitourinary problems, ear abnormalities

Question 28

coloboma-

Answer 28

failure of choroid fissure to close

Question 29

atresi choanae-

Answer 29

airway blockage

Question 30

what kind of cells make up wall of neural tube

Answer 30

thick, pseudostratified columnar neuroepithelium

Question 31

the spinal cord forms what 2 plates

Answer 31

alar and basal

Question 32

sulcus limitans-

Answer 32

groove that separates the dorsal sensory neurons from the ventral motor neurons

Question 33

when is cerebrospinal fluid produced

Answer 33

5th week

Question 34

all NTDs are associated with

Answer 34

elevated alpha fetoprotein

Question 35

somites differentiate into what 2 things?

Answer 35

dermomyotome and sclerotome

Question 36

dermomyotome differentiates into what 2 things?

Answer 36

dermatome and myotome

Question 37

myotome forms

Answer 37

myoblasts

Question 38

sclerotome gives rise to

Answer 38

vertebrae and ribs

Question 39

sonic hedgehog

Answer 39

causes the ventral part of somite to form sclerotome and express PAX1

Question 40

PAX1

Answer 40

controls chondrogenesis and vertebral formation

Question 41

PAX3

Answer 41

demarcates dermomyotome

Question 42

PAX genes encode

Answer 42

nuclear transcription factors

Question 43

sclerotomes have 2 parts:

Answer 43

cranial and caudal

Question 44

cranial sclerotome portion is ______ arranged

Answer 44

loosely

Question 45

sternum develops in what week?

Answer 45

6

Question 46

four sources of tissue help develop limbs-

Answer 46

lateral plate mesoderm, somites, neural crest cells, and neural tube

Question 47

ameila-

Answer 47

complete absence of limbs

Question 48

meromelia-

Answer 48

partial absence of limbs

Question 49

clavicle initially develops by ______

Answer 49

intramembranous ossification

Question 50

cleidocranial dystosis-

Answer 50

incomplete or absent clavicles

Question 51

achondroplasia is also called-

Answer 51

hypoplastic chondrodystrophy

Question 52

achondroplasia is an impairment of-

Answer 52

cartilage development in epiphyseal plates

Question 53

first heart field gives rise to

Answer 53

entire left ventricle and parts of both atria

Question 54

second heart field gives rise to

Answer 54

entire right ventricle and outflow tracts and parts of both atria

Question 55

sinus venosus will become what in the adult

Answer 55

sinus venarum, coronary sinus, and oblique vein of left atrium

Question 56

3 veins that bring blood to the sinus venosus-

Answer 56

umbilical vein, vitelline veins, and cardinal veins

Question 57

what do cardinal veins drain?

Answer 57

embryo proper

Question 58

primitive atrium will become-

Answer 58

trabeculated part of atrias

Question 59

primitive ventricle will become-

Answer 59

trabeculated part of ventricles

Question 60

bulbos cordis will become-

Answer 60

smooth part of right and left ventricles

Question 61

smooth part of right ventricle is called

Answer 61

conus arteriosus

Question 62

smooth part of left ventricle is called

Answer 62

aortic vestibule

Question 63

truncus arteriosus is the superior part of the

Answer 63

bulbos cordis

Question 64

truncus arteriosus will become

Answer 64

aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 65

cardiac jelly signals endocardial cells to become

Answer 65

mesenchymal

Question 66

the left horn of the sinus venosus fate-

Answer 66

degrades to become coronary sinus

Question 67

the fate of the right horn of sinus venosus-

Answer 67

enlarges and becomes right half of right atrium

Question 68

the right horn of the sinus venosus accounts for what two portions of the adult right atrial wall?

Answer 68

sinus venarum and auricle

Question 69

double superior vena cava will result if

Answer 69

the left horn of sinus venosus fails to shrink

Question 70

descending aorta gives off iliac arteries, which give off ________

Answer 70

umbilical arteries

Question 71

after birth, umbilical vein becomes-

Answer 71

ligamentum teres hepatus

Question 72

after birth, ductus venosus becomes-

Answer 72

ligamentum venosum

Question 73

after birth, umbilical arteries are renamed _____

Answer 73

superior vesicle arteries that supply the bladder

Question 74

distal portion of umbilical arteries becomes-

Answer 74

medial umbilical ligaments

Question 75

tetralogy of fallot has what 4 defects?

Answer 75

pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and enlarged right ventricle

Question 76

most common single cause of cyanotic heart disease in newborns

Answer 76

transposition of the great arteries

Question 77

transposition of great arteries often is accompanied by _________, which makes it possible to survive birth and be surgically corrected.

Answer 77

septal defects or patent foramen ovale

Question 78

which aortic arches will disappear?

Answer 78

first, second, fifth, and right side of sixth

Question 79

3rd aortic arch will form

Answer 79

proximal aspect of common carotid and internal carotid artery

Question 80

left 4th aortic arch will become what?

Answer 80

part of arch of aorta

Question 81

right 4th aortic arch becomes what?

Answer 81

proximal portion of right subclavian artery

Question 82

left 6th aortic arch becomes

Answer 82

part of pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries and the ductus arteriosus

Question 83

which arches form laryngeal cartilages?

Answer 83

4th and 6th

Question 84

``` time period of: pseudoglandular stage canalicular stage sacular stage alveolar stage ```

Answer 84

6-16 weeks 16-26 weeks 26 weeks to birth 32 weeks-8 years

Question 85

all major elements of the lung have formed by the ______ stage

Answer 85

pseudoglandular stage

Question 86

respiratory bronchioles develop in the ______ stage

Answer 86

canalicular

Question 87

lung tissue becomes highly vascular in the _____ stage

Answer 87

canalicular

Question 88

____% of alveoli develop postnatally

Answer 88

95

Question 89

_______ treatment is given to mother who may be delivering prematurely to help speed baby's lung development up

Answer 89

glucocorticoid