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Urinary Pathophysiology > Developmental Diseases and LUTD > Flashcards

Developmental Diseases and LUTD Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a developmental disease?

A

disease or malformations caused by errors in the sequential steps of development occurring before birth

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2
Q

metanephric tissue induced by bud to ___________________________________________________

A

condense and undergo mesenchymal epithelial transformation

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3
Q

what does the metanephric tissue cap form?

A

glomeruli
bowman’s capsules
nephron

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4
Q

what are some problems caused by failure of either the ureteric bud or metanephric blastema?

A

unilateral or bilateral aplasia seen in beagles and dobermans
hypoplasia may lead to CRD

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5
Q

is physical and functional maturity completed at birth for the kidneys?

A

no

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6
Q

neonatal dogs lack normal renal function for _____________

A

3-8 weeks

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7
Q

what is renal dysplasia/juvenile nephropathy?

A

disorderly development of renal parenchyma

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8
Q

what structures does renal dysplasia involve?

A

tubular, glomerular, and interstitial structures

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9
Q

what can cause small kidneys?

A

congenital hypoplasia
congenital dysplasia
acquired chronic kidney disease and fibrosis

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10
Q

what are some malformations related to ascent of the kidney?

A

renal ectopia: renal pelvic kidney (may lead to kink)
horseshoe kidney: kidneys fuse into one

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11
Q

what do familial glomerulopathies vary in?

A

inheritance
age of onset
underlying structural disorders
microscopic abnormalities

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12
Q

when are renal cysts significant?

A

when they replace/efface significant amounts of normal parenchyma

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13
Q

what is polycystic kidney disease?

A

congenital diseases caused by multiple mutations

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14
Q

what is involved in polycystic kidney disease?

A

kidneys
bile ducts
sometimes pancreas

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15
Q

when do polycystic kidney diseases often present?

A

renal failure later in life

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16
Q

polycystic diseases are often linked to _______________

A

monocilia abnormalities

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17
Q

who usually gets autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?

A

persian cats, persian-outcrosses
bull terriers

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18
Q

what causes renal and hepatic failure in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?

A

cysts arise in all segments of nephron

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19
Q

when does renal failure occur in animals with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?

A

adult onset of renal failure >7 years old

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20
Q

when does autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease appear clinically?

A

perinatal to juvenile

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21
Q

who usually gets autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease?

A

cairn and west highland white terriers

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22
Q

what are some ureteral development defects?

A

ureteral agenesis
ureteral ectopia

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23
Q

what are the main clinical signs associated with lower urinary tract disease?

Study These Flashcards
A

pollakiuria
dysuria
stranguria
hematuria
complete urinary tract obstruction

24
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with upper urinary tract disease?

Study These Flashcards
A

depression, anorexia
fever
vomiting
other signs of uremia
lumbar or abdominal pain
dairy cattle: decreased milk
weight loss, PU/PD
azotemia
neutrophilia

25
what can cause lower urinary tract disease in dogs?
urolithiasis lower urinary tract inflammation, infection, or neoplasia trauma stress incontinence congenital abnormality spinal cord abnormalities
26
what is the urorectal fold?
divides cloaca and separates bladder from rectum
27
what does a defect in the urorectal fold result in?
urethrorectal fistula rectovaginal fistula
28
what is the urachus?
conduit that drain bladder from fetus, joins and runs in umbilical cord
29
what is a patent urachus and who is it primarily seen in?
urine comes out of naval during urination foals
30
what are some urachal/bladder defects?
patent urachus urachal cysts urachal sinuses bladder diverticula
31
what is a congenital disease?
condition existing at or before birth regardless of cause: may be result of genetic or environmental factors
32
what is hereditary nephropathy?
syndrome in which a specific inheritance has been proven
33
what does the metanephric cap induce the ureteric bud to do?
branch: forms collecting systems
34
what is renal aplasia or renal hypoplasia caused by?
failure of either the ureteric bud or metanephric blastema
35
true/false: microscopic hematuria may be normal in the first few days after birth and gross hematuria should not be investigated
false: yes to microscopic but gross should be investigated
36
what are the potential causes of renal dysplasia/juvenile nephropathy?
intrauterine toxin exposure or viral infection hereditary defect
37
in renal dysplasia, the structures are ______________________________________________________
inappropriate to the stage of development of the kidney
38
when does renal dysplasia causing chronic renal disease show up?
1 month to 10 years
39
what can a renal pelvic kidney lead to?
kink
40
what is a horseshoe kidney?
kidneys fuse into one
41
what causes cystinuria?
sex-linked or autosomal recessive defect in cysteine transport
42
what causes hyperuricosuria?
missing transporter for uric acid uptake: liver, kidney
43
who is hyperuricosuria common in?
dalmations bulldogs shitzus pugs
44
who is renal glycosuria common in?
norwegian elkhounds scottish terriers
45
what are some hereditary basement membrane defects?
samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy familial nephropathy of english spaniels hereditary nephritis in bull terriers and dalmations
46
true/false: renal cysts can be hereditary or acquired
true
47
cysts are generally not significant, unless they __________________________________________
replace/efface significant amounts of normal parenchyma
48
how does polycystic kidney disease present?
sometimes stillbirth or renal failure during first few weeks of life often present later in renal failure
49
what does urine flow cause in epithelial cells with monocilia?
Ca++ inlfux
50
what is the defect with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?
polycystin-1 (PKD1 gene)
51
where do cysts arise in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and how does the disease progress?
collecting ducts rapid renal and hepatic failure
52
what is ureteral agenesis?
failure of ureteric bud to form
53
who is ureteral ectopia common in?
dogs- especially females
54
is hematuria associated with upper urinary tract disease?
no
55
is lower urinary tract disease likely to cause fever or affect CBC or chemistries?
no
56
does lower urinary tract disease cause uremia and its signs?
no
57
what can cause lower urinary tract disease in horses?
urolithiasis urinary tract infection

Urinary Pathophysiology (11 decks)

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