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Urinary Pathophysiology > Urinary Neoplasia > Flashcards

Urinary Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

what are the options for urologic oncology?

A

kidney
urinary bladder
urethra
prostate

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2
Q

what are the presenting signs for renal tumors?

A

vague lethargy
weight loss
pain: can be misinterpreted as back pain
anemia
intermittent hematuria

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3
Q

what cell origin does renal cell carcinoma have?

A

epithelial cell

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4
Q

what does mitotic count correlate with in dogs?

A

prognosis
>30 have a significantly shorter survival time

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5
Q

who does renal cell carcinoma occur in?

A

dogs
cattle
horses
budgies

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6
Q

who does renal cystadenocarcinoma occur in?

A

primarily dogs

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7
Q

what does renal cystadenocarcinoma cause in disease process?

A

bilateral multifocal renal tumors
associated with dermal nodules

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8
Q

which breed of dogs is associated with renal cystadenocarcinoma?

A

autosomal dominant mutation in german shepherds

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9
Q

what does nephroblastoma arise from?

A

embryonic kidney tissue: persistent nephrogenic nest

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10
Q

what is the prognosis of primary renal hemangiosarcoma?

A

slightly better than visceral
less blood loss due to the confined retroperitoneal location

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11
Q

who does nephroblastoma impact?

A

younger animals
all species: common in swine, associated with avian leukosis virus in chickens

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12
Q

what is the most common renal tumor in cats?

A

renal lymphoma

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13
Q

is renal lymphoma unilateral or bilateral?

A

bilateral
both enlarged

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14
Q

what is the sign of renal lymphoma?

A

severe, acute azotemia

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15
Q

what is the cell of origin with urothelial carcinoma?

A

epithelial cell

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16
Q

where does urothelial carcinoma arise from?

A

bladder
urethra
prostatic urethra
prostatic ducts

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17
Q

what are the endogenous factors for developing carcinogenesis?

A

chronic inflammation
inherited predispositions

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18
Q

what are the exogenous factors for developing carcinogenesis?

A

chemical carcinogens
oncogenic viruses
physical carcinogens

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19
Q

what are the steps with carcinogenesis?

A

endogenous factors
exogenous factors
mutations
malignant cell capable of replication

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20
Q

who is urothelial carcinoma most common in?

A

dogs
cattle
sheep

21
Q

where does transitional cell carcinoma arise?

A

renal pelvis and ureters

22
Q

which breeds are more likely to get canine urothelial carcinoma?

A

scotties: 21x
Eskimo dogs, shelties: 3-6x

23
Q

what are the clinical signs of canine urothelial carcinoma?

A

hematuria, stranguria, pollakiuria
sometimes tenesmus
secondary UTIs common

24
Q

what are the risk factors of canine urothelial carcinoma?

A

older dip-type flea products
lawn chemicals
female sex and obesity (sex not as big a deal in high-risk breeds)
urine retention
increased risk in neutered individuals of both sexes

25
Q

what is something that can decrease the risk of canine urothelial carcinoma in scotties?

A

feed vegetables: carrots

26
Q

how is urothelial carcinoma diagnosed?

A

definitive diagnosis via histopathology
cystotomy, cystoscopy, traumatic catheterization
percutaneous methods should be avoided
BRAF assay

27
Q

what does the cadet BRAF mutation assay look for?

A

mutation in BRAF V595E gene
dogs only

28
Q

true/false: surgery with complete excision of canine urothelial carcinoma is associated with a better prognosis than not doing surgery

A

false

29
Q

what is the seed vs soil theory?

A

spread of cells from tumor or synchronous tumor development within a field of altered urothelium

30
Q

what is the treatment of canine urothelial carcinoma?

A

cox-2 inhibitors
chemotherapy
goal is to stabilize tumor and prevent symptoms and progression

31
Q

what is feline urothelial carcinoma treatment?

A

improved outcomes with surgery
rare
cox-2 inhibitors
rule out lymphoma: not surgical if it is

32
Q

what does bracken fern cause in cattle and sheep?

A

baldder tumors
ptaquiloside concentrates in bladder

33
Q

what does ptaquiloside concentrating in the bladder cause?

A

chronic bladder inflammation and irritation

34
Q

how common are renal tumors?

A

rare: <0.3% of tumors

35
Q

what is the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma?

A

guarded

36
Q

why do you see polycythemia with renal cell carcinoma?

A

overproduction of erythropoietin

37
Q

clear cell subtype carries the __________ prognosis in renal cell carcinoma

A

worse

38
Q

what is the prognosis of renal cystadenocarcinoma?

A

grave

39
Q

does surgery work well for nephroblastoma?

A

variable: best when combined with radiation

40
Q

what cells does hemangiosarcoma arise from?

A

mesenchymal stem cells

41
Q

how is renal lymphoma diagnosed?

A

ultrasound guided aspiration

42
Q

what is development of lower urinary tract tumors associated with?

A

exposure to carcinogens

43
Q

what are some oncogenic viruses?

A

feline leukemia virus
bovine leucosis virus
avian leucosis virus

44
Q

what must a malignant cell capable of replication need to do to develop into a tumor?

A

evade the immune system
recruit blood vessels
mutations continue to accumulate

45
Q

how specific and sensitive is the cadet BRAF mutation assay?

A

85-99% specific
60-85% sensitive

46
Q

is surgery a common choice for urothelial carcinoma?

A

no: complicated

47
Q

how well do abdominal wall metastases from urothelial carcinoma respond to therapy?

A

very poorly

48
Q

who did abdominal wall metastasies occur more frequently in?

A

those with cystotomy

49
Q

do bladder tumors in ruminants have a synergistic effect with papillomaviruses?

A

yes

Urinary Pathophysiology (11 decks)

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