Developmental milestones Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
When can a mother feel a baby’s first movements while in utero?
A
Weeks 16-18
1
Q
When does a baby perform less movement due to a constrictive environment in utero?
A
weeks 30-32
2
Q
What is observed when a newborn is in prone?
A
- spinal FLX
- hip FABER
- knee FLX
- ankle DF
- cheek bearing most weight
- capable of lifting and turning head
3
Q
What is observed when a newborn is in supine?
A
- head ROT to the side
- less FLX due to gravity
4
Q
(true/false) Newborns are able to visually fixate
A
false (only on strong contrast objects)
5
Q
(true/false) newborns have visual regard
A
true
6
Q
Are primary standing and stepping reactions present in a newborn?
A
yes
7
Q
What type of stimulation do newborns enjoy?
A
tactile and vestibular (ex: swaddling)
8
Q
You should not swaddle a baby after __ months.
A
2 months
9
Q
When do infants begin to have an alert and brightening expression?
A
1 month
10
Q
When do infants begin to fixate and briefly steady gaze?
A
1 month
11
Q
(true/false) ATNR can be observed in 1 month old infants.
A
true
12
Q
How far can an infant lift their head at 1 month?
A
shoulder level with marked shoulder elevation
13
Q
When do infants begin to track moving objects from side to side (180 degrees in each direction)?
A
1 month
14
Q
When do infants begin to have reciprocal and symmetrical kicking?
A
1 month
15
Q
When do infants begin to have positive support and primary walking reflexes in supported standing?
A
1 month
16
Q
When does the grasp reflex emerge in infants?
A
1 month
17
Q
When does neonatal reaching emerge in infants?
A
1 month
18
Q
What are indications of possible problems in a 1 month old infant?
A
- complex medical Hx
- premature
- IVH
- low birth weight <1500 grams (3.4 pounds)
- excessive hyper/hypotonia
- difficulty with feeding
19
Q
How far can a 2 month old infant raise their head in prone?
A
45 degrees with elbows behind their shoulders
- DOES NOT push up on forearms
20
Q
When do an infants shoulders begin to function as a single unit BUT the scapulae are not yet stable?
A
2 months
21
Q
When do infants begin to have binocular vision?
A
2 months
22
Q
When do infants begin to respond to friendly handling and swipe at toys?
A
2 months
23
Q
When do infants begin to grasp items but not attend to it?
A
2 months
24
What are indications of possible problems in a 2 month old infant?
- hyper/hypotonia
- continuation of previous problems
- difficult to detect problems
25
When do infants begin to have symmetry and midline orientation?
3 months old
26
When do infants begin to play with hands w/o tonic grasp?
3 months
27
When do infants begin to right their trunk?
3 months
28
When do infants begin to WB on their forearms in prone?
3 months
29
How far can a 3 month old infant raise their head while in prone?
90 degrees with elbows in line with shoulders
30
(true/false) prone is a functional position at 3 months.
FALSE
31
When do infants begin to have their head in midline at supine while their hands are on their chest?
3 months
32
When can infants lie in supine with knees/hips flexed and have their feet supported?
3 months
33
When do infants begin to display cervical FLX and chin tuck while in supine?
3 months
34
When does an infant start to have less head lag while doing pull to sit?
3 months
35
When do infants begin to coo/chuckle?
3 months
36
When do infants begin perform some WB with their toes curled in supported standing?
3 months
37
What are indications of possible problems in a 3 month old infant?
- strong asymmetry
- inability to maintain midline
- inability to bring hand to body
- poor head control
38
Poor head control can be an indication of what?
Poor ocular motor control and/or torticollis
39
When do infants begin to have controlled, purposeful movement?
4 months
40
When are primitive reflexes no longer present in an infant?
4 months
41
When do infants begin to roll from prone to their side?
4 months
42
When do infants begin to roll from supine to their side?
4 months
43
When do infants begin to sit with support?
4 months
44
When do infants start to not have head lag in pull to sit?
4 months
45
When do infants begin to have optical and labyrinthine head righting?
4 months
46
When do infants begin to have bilateral reaching with their forearm pronated and trunk supported?
4 months
47
When do infants begin to display a voluntary ulnar palmar grasp?
4 months
48
When do infants begin to laugh out loud?
4 months
49
(true/false) fine motor control is still limited at 4 months old.
true
50
What are indications of possible problems in 4 month old infants?
- asymmetry
- lack of midline
- lack of head control with pull to sit
- inability to extend head and trunk in prone
51
When do infants have functional head control in all positions?
5 months
52
When do infants begin to roll from PRONE to supine?
5 months
53
When do infants begin to weight shift between forearms in prone?
5 months
54
When do infants start to have head control in supported sitting?
5 months
55
When do infants begin to have lateral righting of the trunk be elicited?
5 months (NOT YET FUNCTIONAL)
56
When do infants begin to bring their feet to their mouth while in supine?
5 months
57
When do infants begin to have a voluntary palmar grasp?
5 months
58
When can infants hold a bottle when feeding?
5 months
59
When are infants able to perform a bridge?
5 months
60
What are indications of possible problems in infants that are 5 months old?
- lack of antigravity FLX in supine
- excessive extensor activation
- inability to WB on arms in prone
61
When do infants begin to roll from SUPINE to prone?
6 months
62
When can an infant sit independently?
6 months
63
When do infants begin to bounce with pull to stand?
6 months
64
When do infants begin to have anti-gravity control in supine?
6 months
65
When do infants begin to have parachute reactions?
6 months
66
When do infants have both palmar and radial grasp?
6 months
67
When do infants begin to explore objects primarily by their mouth?
6 months
68
What are indications of possible problems in 6 month old infants?
- lack of anti-gravity control
- lack of LE dissociation
- inability to roll supine to prone
- inability to play with foot using 2 hands
- inability to sit independently
69
What can cause an infant to not be able to sit independently?
abnormal hip EXT activation
70
What is the preferred position of a 7 month old?
prone
71
When do infants attain/maintain quadruped?
7 months
72
When do infants begin to attain sitting from quadruped but NOT from S/L?
7 months
73
When do infants begin to transition from sitting to prone?
7 months
74
When do infants begin to have trunk rotation while sitting?
7 months
75
When do infants begin to pivot in supine?
7 months
76
When do infants begin to sit independently with their arms free to play?
7 months
77
When do infants begin pull to stand from quadruped?
7 months
78
When do infants begin to attempt walking?
7 months
79
When do infants begin to recognize tone of voice?
7 months
80
When do infants begin to show fear to strangers?
7 months
81
When do infants have equilibrium reactions consistent in prone and supine?
7 months
82
When do infants begin to belly crawl?
8 months
83
When do infants begin to transition from sitting <--> quadruped?
8 months
84
When do infants begin to side-sit?
8 months
85
When do infants begin to perform pull to stand through sitting?
8 months
86
When do infants begin to stand while holding onto someone's fingers?
8 months
87
When do infants begin to cruise sideways?
8 months
88
When do infants begin to walk with handheld assistance?
8 months
89
What is the preferred position for an 8 month old?
standing
90
When do infants begin to perform a radial digital grasp of an object?
8 months
91
When do infants begin to manipulate, transfer, and release toys?
8 months
92
When do infants have an inferior pincer grasp of their pellet?
8 months
93
When do infants begin to perform quadruped creeping?
9 months
94
When do infants begin to climb?
9 months
95
When do infants begin to lower from standing?
9 months
96
When can infants sit in a variety of positions?
9 months
97
When do infants begin to refine cruising skills?
9 months
98
When do infants begin to mimic gestures?
10 months
99
When do infants begin to enjoy putting things in/out of containers?
10 months
100
When do infants begin to long sit with their legs in line with their body?
10 months
101
When do infants begin to ring sit?
10 months
102
When do infants begin to reach across midline?
10 months
103
When do infants begin to have their hands free to play while in standing?
10 months
104
When do infants have creeping as their primary means of locomotion?
10 months
105
When do infants begin to self feed?
10 months
106
What type of grasp does a 10 month old use?
pincer grasp
107
When do infants begin to search for hidden items?
10 months
108
When do infants begin to be suspicious of strangers?
10 months
109
When can infants perform bilateral manipulation of toys?
11 months
110
When can infants rise to stand without external support through quadruped?
11 months
111
What is the average age of starting to walk?
11.2 months
112
What type of grasp does a 12 month old have?
fine pincer
113
(true/false) The amount of time it takes a baby to stand determines how close they are to walking.
true
114
What position should babies sleep in at all times?
supine
115
What position should babies play in?
prone
116
When can children ascend stairs with a step-to pattern?
20 months
117
When do children start to jump off of the bottom step?
20 months
118
When can children start to throw a ball overhead?
20 months
119
When do children start to run but have an immature run with increased speed?
2 years
120
When do children start to ascend stairs with a step to step pattern?
2 years
121
When do children become active, restless, and throw tantrums?
2 years
122
When are children commonly able to catch a large ball?
2 years
123
When do children start to jump with two feet?
3 years
124
When do children start to ride a tricycle?
3 years
125
When are children able to briefly stand on one foot?
3 years
126
When are children able to hop on one foot?
3 years
127
When are children able to gallop?
3 years
128
When are children able to kick a ball?
3 years
129
When do children start to understand the concept of sharing?
3 years
130
When do children start to climb on playground equipment?
3 years
131
When do children develop a mature run?
3 years
132
When are children able to jump on one foot several times?
4 years
133
When are children able to stand on their tip toes?
4 years
134
When do children start to relate to their friends?
4 years
135
When do children start to dress themselves?
5 years
136
When do children start to swing themselves (pump legs independently)?
5 years
137
Describe gait from birth to 9 months.
- antigravity strength is obtained
- hip flexor strength through kicking
- hip extensor strength by crawling and kneeling
- hip ABD strength by cruising
- trunk and extremities lengthen
138
Describe gait from 9-15 months.
- initial gait consists of hip FLX, ABD, ER
- genu varum
- calcaneal eversion
- absent longitudinal arches
- excessive femoral anteversion
- internal tibial torsion
139
When are myelination of nerves completed?
by 12 months
140
Describe gait at 18-24 months.
- decreased BOS
- heel eversion
- knees in neutral
- longitudinal arches are formed
- genu varum is resolved
141
Describe gait at 3-3.5 years.
- genu valgum
- consistent heel strike
- decreased femoral anteversion and heel eversion
- arm swing is noted
142
Describe gait at 6-7 years.
- fully mature gait with knees and heels in neutral position
- excessive femoral anteversion is almost resolved
