Developmental Reflexes and Reactions

Question 1

When is the babinski reflex typically present?

Answer 1

Months 0-12

Question 2

What is a (+) babinski reflex indicative of?

Answer 2

UMN lesion if present later in life

Question 3

When is Flexor Withdrawal reaction typically present?

Answer 3

Months 0-2
–> some people believe it occurs throughout life

Question 4

When is crossed extension reaction typically present?

Answer 4

Months 0-2

Question 5

What elicits a crossed extension reaction?

Answer 5

A sharp, quick, pressure to the sole of the foot

Question 6

What is the description of a crossed extension response when elicited?

Answer 6

Withdrawal of stimulated extremity and EXT of the opposite extremity

Question 7

When is the galant/trunk incurvation reaction typically present?

Answer 7

months 0-2

Question 8

What elicits a galant/trunk incurvation reaction?

Answer 8

Sharp stroke along the paravertebral line from the scapula to iliac crest

Question 9

What is observed when a galant/trunk incurvation reaction is elicited?

Answer 9

Lateral flexion towards the stimulated side

Question 10

When is the moro reflex typically present?

Answer 10

months 0-4

Question 11

What elicits the moro reflex?

Answer 11

sudden extension of the neck

Question 12

What is observed when the moro reflex is elicited?

Answer 12

FLX/ABD of shoulders
EXT of elbows

FOLLOWED BY

EXT/ABD of the shoulders and FLX of the elbows

Question 13

When is the primary standing reaction typically present?

Answer 13

months 1-2

Question 14

What elicits primary standing reaction?

Answer 14

holding the infant in a standing position

Question 15

What is observed when the primary standing reaction is elicited?

Answer 15

Infant supports their weight and extends their LEs

Question 16

When is primary walking reaction typically present?

Answer 16

months 0-2

Question 17

What elicits a primary walking response?

Answer 17

holding the infant in supported standing with trunk tilted slightly forward

Question 18

What is observed when a primary walking reaction is elicited?

Answer 18

Reciprocal stepping motions

Question 19

Is the primary walking reaction typically easier to see in smaller or larger infants?

Answer 19

smaller infants

Question 20

When is the neonatal neck right reaction typically present?

Answer 20

months 0-6

Question 21

What elicits neonatal neck righting?

Answer 21

Turning the infants head when they’re supine

Question 22

What is observed when a neonatal neck righting is elicited?

Answer 22

body log rolls to the same side of the head being turned

Question 23

When is rooting typically present?

Answer 23

months 0-3

Question 24

What elicits rooting?

Answer 24

stroking or the perioral region

Question 25

What is observed when rooting is elicited?

Answer 25

Head turning to the side of stimulation with the mouth opening

Question 26

When is sucking typically present?

Answer 26

months 0-6

Question 27

What elicits the sucking response?

Answer 27

touching the lips, tongue, and/or palate

Question 28

What population of infants commonly has an issue with sucking reflex?

Answer 28

premature babies

Question 29

When is the startle reaction typically present?

Answer 29

months 0-6

Question 30

What elicits a startle reaction?

Answer 30

loud noise, sudden light or cold stimulus

Question 31

What is observed when a startle reaction is elicited?

Answer 31

sudden jerking of the whole body OR EXT/ABD of the UEs followed by ADD of the shoulders

Question 32

When is the tonic labyrinthine reflex typically present?

Answer 32

months 0-6

Question 33

What elicits a tonic labyrinthine reflex?

Answer 33

prone or supine position

Question 34

What is observed with a tonic labyrinthine reflex when an infant is put into a prone position?

Answer 34

maximal flexor tone

Question 35

What is observed with a tonic labyrinthine reflex when an infant is put into a supine position?

Answer 35

maximal extensor tone

Question 36

When is the asymmetric tonic neck reflex typically present?

Answer 36

months 0-5

Question 37

What elicits an asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR)?

Answer 37

rotation of the head

Question 38

What is observed when ATNR is elicited?

Answer 38

EXT of the face, side extremities, and FLX of the skull side extremities (Looks like the sprinkler)

Question 39

When is palmar grasp typically present?

Answer 39

months 0-4

Question 40

When is plantar grasp typically present?

Answer 40

months 0-9

Question 41

Most babies will not walk until their _______ reflex is established.

Answer 41

plantar grasp reflex

Question 42

When is the placing reaction typically present?

Answer 42

months 0-6

Question 43

What elicits a placing reaction?

Answer 43

dragging the dorsum of the foot or back of the hand against the edge of the table

Question 44

What is observed when a placing reaction is elicited?

Answer 44

placing of the foot or hand onto the table top

Question 45

When is pull-to-sit (traction) reaction typically present?

Answer 45

months 4-5

Question 46

What is observed when a pull-to-sit reaction is elicited?

Answer 46

UEs with Flex with head lag

Question 47

What can pull-to-sit reaction help identify?

Answer 47

cerebral palsy

Question 48

When is optical labyrinthine righting typically present?

Answer 48

1 month and rest of life

Question 49

What elicits optical labyrinthine righting?

Answer 49

tilting the body

Question 50

What is observed when optical labyrinthine righting is elicited?

Answer 50

head orients itself to a vertical position --> used with lots of infants with torticollis

Question 51

When does protective extension when moving downward vertically typically occur?

Answer 51

month 4

Question 52

When does protective extension when forward sitting typically occur?

Answer 52

month 6

Question 53

When does protective extension when lateral sitting typically occur?

Answer 53

month 7

Question 54

When does protective extension when backward sitting typically occur?

Answer 54

month 9

Question 55

What is observed when protective extension (parachute reaction) is elicited?

Answer 55

Extension of the legs in a downward movement and EXT of the forearms in the sitting position to catch weight when moving FWD or laterally

Question 56

When does body righting reaction acting on the head (BOH) typically occur?

Answer 56

months 4-6 and throughout life

Question 57

What elicits body righting reaction acting on the head?

Answer 57

contact of the body with a solid surface

Question 58

What is observed with body righting reactions on the head (BOH)?

Answer 58

Head righting with respect to gravity

Question 59

When does body righting reaction acting on the body (BOB) typically occur?

Answer 59

months 6-8 and throughout life

Question 60

What elicits body righting reaction acting on the body?

Answer 60

ROT of the head or thorax

Question 61

What is observed with body righting reactions acting on the body?

Answer 61

rolling over with ROT between the trunk and pelvis

Question 62

When is symmetric tonic neck reflex typically present?

Answer 62

months 6-8

Question 63

How is symmetric tonic reflex elicited?

Answer 63

EXT of Cx OR FLX of Cx

Question 64

What is observed with a symmetric tonic neck reflex when extending the cervical spine?

Answer 64

EXT of the UEs and FLX of the LEs

Question 65

What is observed with a symmetric tonic neck reflex when flexing the cervical spine?

Answer 65

FLX of the UEs and EXT of the LEs

Question 66

When does the landau reaction typically occur?

Answer 66

months 4-18

Question 67

what elicits the landau reaction?

Answer 67

infant was held in ventral suspension

Question 68

What is observed with a landau reaction when elicited?

Answer 68

EXT of the neck, trunk, and hips (Superman)

Question 69

When does prone tilting reaction typically present itself?

Answer 69

month 5 and throughout life

Question 70

When does supine tilting reaction typically present itself?

Answer 70

7 months and throughout life

Question 71

When does sitting tilting reaction typically present itself?

Answer 71

8 months and throughout life

Question 72

When does quadruped tilting reaction typically present itself?

Answer 72

month 12 and throughout life

Question 73

What elicits tilting reactions?

Answer 73

Slow shifting/displacement of the BOS/body

Question 74

What is observed when tilting reactions are elicited?

Answer 74

Lateral FLX of the spine TOWARDS the elevated side ABD of extremities on the ELEVATED side Trunk ROT on the ELEVATED side