Developmental Psychology

Question 1

What is the assumption of the developmental area?

Answer 1

Assumes behaviour is affected by internal and external influences on our behaviour which affect our development e.g role models

Question 2

What is the key theme of developmental psychology?

Answer 2

External influences on behaviour

Question 3

Give a general strength of the developmental area

Answer 3

It has useful applications as development of behaviour can be seen

Question 4

Give a general weakness of the developmental area

Answer 4

Can sometimes have restricted ethnocentric samples

Question 5

What are the two studies within the developmental area?

Answer 5

Bandura - classical study

Chaney - contemporary study

Question 6

What was the aim of chaney’s study?

Answer 6

To investigate whether the new asthma device can provide positive reinforcement to improve adherence of using inhalers in young asthmatics

Question 7

What does adherence mean?

Answer 7

The act of doing what you have been asked to

Question 8

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 8

Learning through the consequences of our behaviour e.g rewards and punishments

Question 9

What is positive reinforcement?

Answer 9

Involves rewarding behaviour to encourage that the behaviour will continue

Question 10

Describe Chaney’s sample

Answer 10

32 children from Australia aged between 1.5-6 years old

Children had an average duration of having asthma for 2.2 years

Question 11

How were the parents a part of chaney’s study?

Answer 11

They gave consent and participated in questionnaires and phone interviews

Question 12

What is a funhaler?

Answer 12

Inhaler that uses incentives toys such as a spinner and a whistle. encourages them to do it properly

Question 13

How did Chaney gather his sample?

Answer 13

Parents of asthmatic children who were already using a standard inhaler were contacted by phone via GP/Paediatrician

Question 14

What sampling method did Chaney use?

Answer 14

Opportunity sampling

Question 15

Why did the researcher visit their homes in chaney’s study?

Answer 15

In order for parents to complete a consent form and a questionnaire about current inhaler.

Question 16

How long were children given the funhaler for?

Answer 16

2 weeks

Question 17

What were parents asked over the phone at various times during the 2 weeks?

Answer 17

Whether they had used the funhaler the previous day

Question 18

After the 2 weeks what were the parents given?

Answer 18

A questionnaire to complete

Question 19

Give 2 findings from chaney’s study

Answer 19

Participants who had used inhaler the day before, standard (59%) funhaler (81%)

Parents who were ALWAYS successfully medicating child, standard (10%) funhaler (73%)

Question 20

What can you conclude about Chaney’s study?

Answer 20

Improved adherence and better attitudes suggest funhaler may be useful for management of young asthmatics

Parents more likely to administer medication

Question 21

What research method was used in Chaney’s study?

Answer 21

Field

Question 22

What research design was used in Chaney’s study?

Answer 22

Repeated measures

Question 23

What was the independent variable in Chaney’s study?

Answer 23

The way in which they get their medication e.g funhaler/standard

Question 24

What were the dependent variables in Chaney’s study?

Answer 24

Adherence
Ease of use
How happy to take it

Question 25

What was the aim of Bandura’s study?

Answer 25

To demonstrate that if children were witness to an aggressive act displayed by an adult they would imitate this aggressive behaviour when given the opportunity

Question 26

What did they do before Bandura’s study?

Answer 26

Children were observed on their natural levels of aggression by their nursery teacher and an experimenter using 5 point rating scales

Question 27

Why did they have to do this before Bandura’s study?

Answer 27

To check their natural levels of aggression and to balance out the aggression in each sub condition

Question 28

Describe the participants in Bandura’s study

Answer 28

72 (36 boys 36 girls) Age range= 3-5 From Stanford University nursery school

Question 29

Give 2 examples of an aggressive toy and a non-aggressive toy in bandura’s study

Answer 29

Aggressive= Mallet 3ft bobo doll Non-aggressive= Tea set Crayons

Question 30

What were the 3 IVS in Bandura’s study?

Answer 30

Behaviour of the model- aggressive/ non-aggressive Sex of the model- male/female Sex of the child- male/female

Question 31

What was the DV behaviour checklist used by researchers in room 3?

Answer 31

Imitative Aggression Partially-imitative Non-imitative No aggression

Question 32

What were the 3 conditions in Bandura’s study?

Answer 32

Aggressive Non-aggressive Control 24 children in each

Question 33

How did they divide the 24 children in the aggressive and non-aggressive conditions?

Answer 33

6 boys with same sex role model | 6 boys with opposite sex role model and same with girls

Question 34

What happened in stage 1 of bandura’s study?

Answer 34

Each child taken individually to a room and model was invited to join the game. In non-aggressive condition model played with tinker toys and ignored bobo doll In aggressive condition model began playing with tinker toys and after 1 minute turned to be aggressive to bobo doll

Question 35

How long were children in stage 1 for?

Answer 35

10 minutes

Question 36

What was stage 2?

Answer 36

Aggression arousal

Question 37

What happened in the aggression arousal?

Answer 37

Children taken to a smaller room with attractive toys. they were told they could play with them but after about 2 monte they were told they couldn’t play with them and she had decided to keep them for other children

Question 38

What happened in stage 3?

Answer 38

A range of toys were set up always in the same place for each child including all the toys from the first room. For 20 minutes the child was allowed to play while being observed through a one way mirror

Question 39

How did they observe the children?

Answer 39

A time point sample was used where every 5 seconds a note was made of the behaviour shown in one of the categories

Question 40

Give 2 findings from Bandura’s study

Answer 40

Boys imitated more physically aggressive acts than girls but their was little difference in verbal aggression Children who observed the aggressive models made far more imitative aggressive responses than those in the other 2 conditions

Question 41

What can you conclude from Bandura’s study?

Answer 41

Children’s behaviour can be affected by external influences such as role models Evidence for SLT

Question 42

Give an example of verbal aggression used by the children in Bandura’s study

Answer 42

‘Sock him in the nose!’

Question 43

Give 2 similarities between bandura and chaney

Answer 43

Sample was both children Ethnocentric

Question 44

Give 2 differences between Bandura and Chaney

Answer 44

Bandura=larger sample Chaney=smaller sample Bandura= both qualitative and quantitative data Chaney= quantitative data