developmental psychology

Question 1

dominant gene

Answer 1

more active in influencing a trait

Question 2

recessive gene

Answer 2

recede/fade into background when paired with a dominant gene

Question 3

chromosomes

Answer 3

rod shaped structures found in the nucleus of the cell with highly wound strands of genes

Question 4

monozygotic

Answer 4

identical twins

Question 5

dizygotic

Answer 5

fraternal twins

Question 6

3 stages of development

Answer 6

germinal
embryonic
foetal

Question 7

germinal period

Answer 7

fertilization- 2 weeks
zygote divides and moves down uterus 
forms a ball and attaches to the cell wall
placenta forms
cells begin to differentiate

Question 8

embryonic period

Answer 8

cells continue to specialise (eyes,nose mouth…)
no organs are fully developed
2-8 weeks

Question 9

foetal period

Answer 9

8 weeks - birth
teratogens more likely to affect physical function
continues growing and developing (organs)

Question 10

teratogens

Answer 10

virus/other factors that can cause birth defects

Question 11

critical period

Answer 11

environment influence can impact development

Question 12

Foetal Alcohol syndrome

Answer 12

A characteristic pattern of abnormalities associated with alcohol intake during pregnancy

Question 13

effects of FAS

Answer 13

1) growing deficiency
2) intellectual defects (affected central nervous)
3) characteristic facial features

Question 14

physical development in infancy

Answer 14

very rapid

respiratory begins to function

Question 15

cephalocaudal

Answer 15

gradual change in head size relative to body size

Question 16

proximodstal

Answer 16

general functions of limbs start to develop before specific motor skills

Question 17

reflexes

Answer 17

involuntary behaviour patterns

Question 18

sensorimotor stage

Answer 18

birth - 2
involuntary reflexes
interact deliberately with objects
OBJECT PERMANENCE- knowledge it exists when not in sight
symbolic thought

Question 19

pre operational stage

Answer 19

2-7
developing language pretending
not yet capable of logical thought
ANIMISM- anything that moves is alive
egocentric
centration
conservation failure
irreversibility

Question 20

concrete operations

Answer 20

7-12
capable of conservation and reversible thinking
centration no longer occurs
inability to deal effectively with abstract concepts

Question 21

formal operations

Answer 21

12-adult

abstract and hypothetical thinking is possible

Question 22

stages of language development

Answer 22

cooing- 2 months
babbling-6 months
one word speech- before 1
telegraphic speech - 1.5 years ,simple sentences
whole sentences- preschool

Question 23

temperment

Answer 23

easy
regular
difficult

Question 24

attatchment

Answer 24

secure
avoidant
ambivalent
disorganised- disorientated

Question 25

self-concept

Answer 25

image you have of yourself based soon interactions w/ important people in your life

Question 26

gender

Answer 26

physical appearances, personality traits, group membership

Question 27

puberty

Answer 27

result of a complex series of glandular activities stimulated by the pituitary gland.

Question 28

disengagement theory

Answer 28

gradual withdrawal

Question 29

activity theory

Answer 29

maintaining high levels of activity, adjusts positively to ageing.

Question 30

continuity theory

Answer 30

maintaining activity levels that ensure satisfaction

Question 31

cellular clock theory

Answer 31

cells are limited in the number of times they can reproduce.

Question 32

telomeres

Answer 32

structures of the end of chromosomes that shorten when a cell reproduces

Question 33

free radical theory

Answer 33

oxygen molecules that have an unstable electron, electron bounces around and steals other electrons causing damage.

Question 34

death/ dying

Answer 34

``` denial anger bargaining depression acceptance ```