Developmental Psychology Flashcards
(33 cards)
Zygote
A fertilized egg
Teratogens
Harmful agents such as chemicals and viruses that can harm a fetus.
Rooting Reflex
A baby’s tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch and open their mouth.
Schema
Blueprint for perception. How to think about a situation.
Script
Sets of behavior for a specific interaction.
Habituation
A decrease in response to a stimulus after being repeatedly exposed to it.
Object Permanence
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or otherwise sensed.
Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development:
(1) Sensorimotor Stage
0-2 years of age
Infants start to build an understanding of the world through their senses.
Infants develop object permanence.
Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development:
(2) The Preoperational Stage
2-7 years of age
Children develop language and abstract thought.
Children begin to use symbolic play, draw pictures, and talk about things that happened in the past.
Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development:
(3) The Concrete Operational Stage
7-11 years of age
Children learn logical, physical rules about objects, such as height, weight, and volume.
Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development:
(4) The Formal Operational Stage
11+ years of age
Children learn logical rules to understand abstract concepts and solve problems.
Fetal Stage
8 weeks till birth.
Embryonic Stage
2 weeks till 8 weeks.
Germinal Stage
Conception till 2 weeks.
Bubinsky’s Reflex
When you touch a baby’s foot and the toe bends.
Kohlbergs MD Theory:
Level 1
Preconventional: 0-6 years old
*Behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments.
Stage 1 : Avoiding Punishment
Stage 2 : Aiming at a Reward
Kohlbergs MD Theory:
Level 2
Conventional: 7-11 years old
*Behavior is influenced by peer pressure/society.
Stage 3: Good boy and good girl attitude
Stage 4: Loyalty to Law and Order
Kohlbergs MD Theory:
Level 3
Postconventional: 11+ years old
*Behavior is influenced by your own ethics.
Stage 5: Justice and Spirit of the Law
Stage 6: Universal principles of ethics
Identity Foreclosure
Stage of self identity in which the individual has a sense of identity but has not explored other options or ideas.
Most common in adolescents.
Self-concept is defined by other people.
Identity Diffusion
Identity state where you have no clear idea of your own identity and you are NOT trying to find one.
Moratorium
Identity stage where you are trying to achieve identity through experimentation and trial and error.
Identity Achievement
Identity state where you have gone through an identity crisis and have come out with a well defined self-concept.
Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development:
Stage 1- Trust vs. Mistrust
Birth - 18 months
Infants needs need to be met consistently. Failure to do so with result in mistrust.
Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development:
Stage 2- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
2 - 3 years old
Toddlers learn to do small things by themselves. Failure to do so will result in self doubt.
