Memory Psychology Flashcards
Encoding
The first process of memory.
The translation of information into a form for future use.
Storage
The second process of memory.
Makes memories available for future use.
Retrieval
The third process of memory.
Locates stored information and returns it to conscious thought.
Semantic Encoding
Encoding of meaning.
Implicit Memory
Procedural Memory
A type of long-term memory. It allows people to perform habits, skills, and automatic behaviors.
Ex) reading or driving a car
State-Dependent Memory
The phenomenon where people remember more information if their physical or mental state is the same at time of encoding and time of recall.
Sensory Memory
First stage of information storage. The immediate, initial recording of data.
Short-term Memory
Sometimes called working memory. When information is stored for 10-12 seconds.
Long-term Memory
Memory is stored longer than short-term memory by repeated encoding through rehearsal.
Echoic Memory
The sensory memory that registers specific auditory information (sounds).
Iconic Memory
A form of sensory memory that stores visual short term impressions and sensations.
Explicit Memory
A type of long-term memory that’s concerned with recollection of facts and events and is done with a conscious effort.
Serial Position Effect
The tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst.
Flashbulb Memory
A vivid, clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.
Proactive Interference
When an older memory disrupts the recall of a new memory.
Retroactive Interference
When a more recent memory disrupts the recall of an older memory.
Recency Effect
We are more likely to remember information that has been given to us more recently.
Primacy Effect
The tendency to recall information presented at the start of a list better than information at the middle or end.
