Developmental Theories Flashcards
(20 cards)
Growth
quantifiable change in structure, occurs across the lifespan. Physical changes include height weight head circumference, changes in organ systems
Development
gradual, qualitative shift in skills or abilities, sequence of development is predictable, timing of development is individual, differentiation: development follows a pattern simple to complex, general to specific, head to toe, midline to periphery
Factors that influence Growth and Development
Genetics, prenatal and postnatal exposures, nutrition, environment, developmental timing of hazards, social determinants (zip code) cultural expectations/beliefs, hazards (flint, lead, zika, refugee crisis gun violence)
Piaget’s theory on Cognitive development
uses schemas as a way of organizing knowledge
P: assimilation
using an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation
P: accommodation
happens when existing schema does not work
P: Equilibration
force moves development along (development proceeded by learning)
P: Stage for 0-2
Sensorimotor: coordination of senses with motor response, sensory curiosity about the world (symbolic thinking: buzz cut daddy). view egocentric, trial and error learning, object permanence
P: Stage 2-7
Preoperational: can mentally represent events and objects, engage in symbolic play, three mountains test, everyone sees the way I do
P: Stage 7-11
Concrete operational: logical approach, can consider other points of view, perfection of language, conservation of quantity
P: Stage 11-15+
Formal Operations: logical though, abstract reasoning, morality established
Vygosky
children construct their own knowledge
dev. cant be separated from social context
learning can lead development
language pays a central role in mental development
E: Infancy 0-1
Trust Vs. Mistrust: they depend on others for food, warmth, and affection.
D Goal: secure attachment, failure will result in fear and belief that world is inconsistent
E: Toddlers 1-2
Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt
milestone: self-confidence
E: Preschool 2-6
Initiative Vs. Guilt:
milestone: direction and purpose, they exert control over their world
E: School age 6-12
Industry Vs. Inferiority: sense of pride in accomplishments and abilities
milestone: feeling of competence and belief in their skills
E: Adolescents 12-18
identity Vs. role confusion
Who am I, integration of all stages to come up with one’s identity
E: Young adults 19-40
Intimacy vs. Isolation. no matter how successful, not d. complete until capable of intimacy
goal: love and affiliation
E: Middle age adults 40-65
Generativity Vs. Stagnation: create living legacy, contributing to the world by being active inn their home and community
goal: affiliation and love
E: Older Adult 65+
Ego integrity Vs. Dispair: time for reflection unpon life
goal: life fulfillment
