Developmental Theories (Freud, Piaget, Erickson) Flashcards
(23 cards)
Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development
sexual energy, termed libido, was the driving force of human behavior
Name the phases of Freud’s psychosexual development theory
- Oral
- Anal
- Pallic
- Latency
- Genital
ORAL phase
Age: birth to 18 months
Behaviors: focuses on eating, sucking and biting
Conflict: weaning off
i weaned to early or late may cause problems
ANAL phase
Age: 18 to 36 months
Behaviors: pleasure of controlling and major interest in anus
Conflict: toilet training. must be done properly to avoid negative outcomes
PHALLIC phase
Age: 3 to 6 years
Behaviors: genitals are center of pleasure
Conflict: boy kills father, marries mother (vice versa)
- single parent = homosexuality
- abusive parent = homophobia
Completion: child identifies w/ same sex parent
LATENCY phase
Age: 6 to 12 years
Behaviors: energy directed to physical and intellectual activities. kids develop social skills
Problems: Oedipus and Electra complex has not resolved. School phobia. Child models after same sex parent
GENITAL phase
Age: 12 to 18 years
Behavior: sexual urges reawaken. towards opp sex and start intimate relationships
Indication: social desires are controlled, tension develops into anxiety
- society tries to direct adolescent into sexual urges
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
recognition of central role of cognition in development and discovery
Name 4 stages of Piaget’s theory
- Sensorimotor
- Preoperational
- Concrete Operation
- Formal Operation
SENSORIMOTOR stage
Age: birth to 2 yrs
Description: infant understand world in overt, physical action. Space, time and causality are concepts that are developed. Child develops the scheme of the permanent object.
PREOPERATIONAL stage
Age: 2 to 7 yrs
Description: child can use symbols to represent objects and events. In organized and logical fashion
CONCRETE stage
Age: 7 to 11 yrs
Description: conservation of quantity. ex. of short wide cup and tall cup. for concrete child, quantity remains the same
FORMAL stage
Age: 12 and up
Description: learns how to think and reason in abstract terms
ERICKSON’S theory of Psychosocial Development
successful resolution of a conflict or crisis leads to essential strength and virtues
Name 8 stages of Erickson’s theory
- Trust vs. Mistrust
- Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
- Initiative vs. Guilt
- Industry vs. Inferiority
- Identity vs. Confusion
- Intimacy vs. Isolation
- Generativity vs. Stagnation
- Ego integrity vs. despair
Trust vs mistrust
age, resolution, problem
-Infant-
Resolution: drive and hope
Problem: suspicious of others, fears affection and projection
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
age, resolution, problem
-Toddler-
Resolution: self-control and willpower
Problem: self-doubt dependency, low self-esteem, loss of self-control
Initiative vs guilt
age, resolution, problem
-Preschool child-
Resolution: direction and purpose
Problem: excessive guilt, victimized
Industry vs. inferiority
age, resolution, problem
-School aged child-
Resolution: method and competence
Problem: incompetent, feels inferior, lacks motivation
Identity vs. confusion
age, resolution, problem
-Adolescence-
Resolution: devotion and fidelity
Problem: self-doubt, dysfunctional relationships, rebellion and substance abuse
Intimacy vs.isolation
age, resolution, problem
-Young adult-
Resolution: affiliation and love
Problem: isolated, emotionally immature, jealous, and possessive
Generativity vs. stagnation
age, resolution, problem
-Adulthood-
Resolution: production and caring for others
Problem: egocentric, disinterested in others, over-involved in activities
Integrity vs. Despair
age, resolution, problem
-Maturity-
Resolution: renunciation and wisdom
Problem: feels hopeless, fears death, and dwells on past failures. difficulty adjusting to aging process
