Deveolpment Of Oppositon Flashcards
Describe the liberal opposition befor 1894
Comprised of a small group of people- mainly educated Russians who wanted Russia to return to its superiority (slavophiles) and the other wanted Russia to reform similar to the west ( westernisers)
WHere did the liberal opposition move to during the ‘modernisation of Russia?
They moved into the zemtva
The _____ ________ constitution would have increased the zemtva status infleunce and power
Loris melkanov
The hope and disappointment of AII reforms coupled with the repress E nature of his alter years and his son AIII solidified the demands for ________
Change
What were the hopes and motives for the moderate opposition
- wanted more national power
- wanted to reform the autocracy alongside the tsar
What happed in 1891-92 the increased the support for the zemtva
The great famine
WHt did the zemtva do during the Great famine
Helped the local communities by providing food and relief work for the peasantry where the tsar did not
Who and wat were the ‘early radical thinkers’
- Karl Marx (Marxism)
- Herzen shared popularise ideas of a peasant based society
What was the Tchaikovsky circle
Set up in 1868-69
It organised published and printed revolutionary works
Who and what where the populists
- people from the intelligentsia who travelled to the countryside to persuade the peasants to rise up and revolt against the tsar (1874 2000 people)
- they even attamepted to dress like the peasants
- they failed. Met with peasant hostility, ignorance and loyalty to the tsar
Despite the immediate failures of the nardoniks (populism) what did it succeed to do?
- 1st sign of an organised radical opposition
- made the gov more aware of the opposition
Who & what were the ‘land and liberty’
Set up in 1877
They were a disjointed group who had many different ideas
- some whate dot work with the peasants (similar to populism) but in a les obstructive way
- some wanted to assassinate people in the gov
What was one of the assassinations that ‘land and liberty’ mADE?
General Mezemtev - Head of the 3rd section
what 2 groups did the Land and liberty split into ?
- Black repartition - peaceful organisation that worked with the zemtva and the peasantry
- weakened by arrests in 1880-1 - The peoples will - violent methods and aimed to undermine the gov by doing assainations of officials
- planted a spy in the 3rd section
- Assainated AII in 1881
what was the reaction for the the tsar to the radical opposition?
- after the assaination of AII security was stepped up and the tsar was aware of the attempts being made on his life
- As a result he tightened control causing these groups to go underground but they did not stop.
- ‘self education’ systems were set up that translated foreign socialist writings
