Deviance and Social Control

Question 1

Deviance

Answer 1

The term used to describe actions or identities that differ from group norms

Question 2

Stigma

Answer 2

A social attribute that is discrediting for an individual or group

Question 3

Crime

Answer 3

Actions that cause harm and violate social norms

Question 4

Social order

Answer 4

The links between people and institutions working cooperatively to keep society stable

Question 5

Social control

Answer 5

The process whereby society seeks to ensure conformity to the dominant vales and norms in that society

Question 6

Negative sanction

Answer 6

Punishments for violating norms

Question 7

Positive sanction

Answer 7

Rewards given for conforming to norms

Question 8

Genetic disposition

Answer 8

to be susceptible to it or more likely to encounter it due to inherited genes

Question 9

Street crime

Answer 9

Involves crimes toward and among the general public

Question 10

Personality disorders

Answer 10

long-term patterns of behavior and inner experiences that differ significantly from what is expected

Question 11

Differential association

Answer 11

When one learns criminal attitudes and behaviors through those around them

Question 12

Control theory

Answer 12

The idea that two control systems - inner controls and outer controls - work against our tendencies to deviate from

Question 13

Degradation ceremony

Answer 13

Used to transform the identity or status of an individual to an identity or status lower in the hierarchy of a group or institution

Question 14

Labeling theory

Answer 14

Indicates that society’s assigning of labels to individuals or certain groups as an effect on their behavior

Question 15

Techniques of neutralization

Answer 15

The process in which an individual rationalizes behavior that is considered unacceptable, unethical, or criminal

Question 16

Cultural goals

Answer 16

Financial success, acquisition of academic degrees, or the pursuit of the American dream

Question 17

Institutional means

Answer 17

The established patterns of believes, behaviors and relationships that organize social life

Question 18

Strain theory

Answer 18

Proposal that pressure derived from social factors, such as the lack of income or lack of quality education, drives individuals to commit crime

Question 19

Illegitimate opportunity structures

Answer 19

Arise when communities lack resources that would allow young people to grow in this way

Question 20

White collar crime

Answer 20

A non-violent crime where the primary motive is typically financial in nature

Question 21

Corporate crime

Answer 21

Crimes committed by companies rather than individuals

Question 22

Criminal justice system

Answer 22

An organization that exists to enforce a legal code

Question 23

Recidivism rate

Answer 23

A person’s relapse into criminal behavior, often after the person receives sanctions or undergoes intervention for a pervious crime

Question 24

Capital punishment

Answer 24

A legal process where a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime

Question 25

Serial murder

Answer 25

A serial murderer has committed two or more murders separated in time and often in widely different geographic areas, and involving victims who are usually strangers

Question 26

none

Answer 26

none of

Question 27

Police discretion

Answer 27

The freedom of police officers to make decisions as they perform their official duties

Question 28

Medicalization of deviance

Answer 28

The process by which behaviors or conditions that were once seen as morally or socially problematic are redefined as medical issues