Devolution UKP Flashcards
(44 cards)
how did the devolved areas get devolution
through referendums:
- Wales and Scotland = 1997
- Northern Ireland and London = 1998
- Greater London Authority Act 1999
what sort of ‘devolution’ does Scotland have
‘service devolution’
- health, education, agriculture
- HOWEVER, westminister controls defence, foreign policy and constitutional matters
examples of Scotland’s fiscal powers
- control income tax and bands (2023 - both highest rates were 2% higher than in the rest of the UK)
- right to 50% of all VAT raised in Scotland
what is the ‘Sewel Convention’
- in 2016 Scotland Act
- Westminster must ask Hollyrood permission if legislating on devolved matter
what did the supreme court’s ‘Scotland Act’ November 2022 ruling show
- if Scotland wants a second referendum - need to make agreements with westminister
- supreme court showing that its powers can affect devolved bodies and validity of parliamentary sovereignty
how many people voted for welsh devolution in the referendum
50.5% on a 50% turnout
what happened in 2011 for wales
- Welsh devolution referendum - 64% vote
what happened in the 2017 Wales Act
gave Wales further powers, renamed Welsh Assembly to the Welsh Parliament
what sort of devolution does wales have
service devolution
how does Wales work fiscally in terms of taxes
- collects 10% of Wales’ income taxes
- vary the bands and rates for this 10%
what part of devolution does Scotland and Wales not have in common
policing, scotland has some policing powers but the UK government blocked it for the Welsh
what are polls suggesting about welsh independence
- growing in popularity
- polls over 30% in support
- calls to have the same devolved powers than scotland
how did Northern Ireland receive their devolution
- through the Good Friday agreement
during Northern Irish suspensions in Stormont, who takes the decisions
functions are decided by government of westminster - e.g. legalisation of same-sex marriage was done under westminster
what powers does the northern irish assembly have and has not
has control:
- ‘service devolution’
has not got control:
- corporation tax
- major tax raising powers
what happened in 2004 in terms of english devolution
2004 referendum on regional assemblies in the North East of England - received 78% no vote
during the coalition, what did they try to promote for english devolution
‘northern powerhouse’ - promoting transport links and greater investment
examples of where metro-mayors are
- Sheffield
- Liverpool
- Manchester - Andy Burnham was vocal about COVID
what powers does the London Mayor have
- policing
- transport
- economic development
- ‘congestion charge and free travel for young people’ - Ken Livingstone
what sort of devolution does city regions have
‘administrative devolution’ (control implementation) rather than ‘legislative devolution’
what was ‘EVEL’
English MPs to veto any legislation affecting England ONLY from being passed - didn’t allow English MPs to make own laws though
how many times was EVEL used during 2015-2017 parliament
1/3 of bills
what is the average spending per person in the UK
£13,414
how much higher and lower do devolved bodies get per person to fund them
ENGLAND = -2% (ONLY LOWER)
SCOTLAND = +11%
WALES = +6%
NORTHERN IRELAND = +14%
