DEVPSYCH - TERMS

Question 1

focuses on the scientific study of the systematic processes of change and stability in people

Answer 1

Human development

Question 2

concept of human development as lifelong process, which can be studied scientifically

Answer 2

Life-span development

Question 3

views development as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual, and as a process that involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss.

Answer 3

life-span perspective

Question 4

What are the domains of development

Answer 4

Physical Development
Cognitive Development
Psychosocial Development

Question 5

growth of the body and brain

Answer 5

Physical Development

Question 6

learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning and creativity

Answer 6

Cognitive Development

Question 7

emotions, personality, and social relationships

Answer 7

Psychosocial Development

Question 8

concept or practice that is an invention of a particular culture or society

Answer 8

Social Construction

Question 9

involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or change

Answer 9

Stability-Change Issue

Question 10

focuses on the degree to which development involves either gradual cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages (discontinuity)

Answer 10

Continuity-Discontinuity

Question 11

unfolding of mental sequence of physical change and behavior patterns

Answer 11

Maturation

Question 12

scientific study of the extent to which genetic and environmental differences among people and animals are responsible for differences in their traits

Answer 12

Behavioral Genetics

Question 13

proportion of all variability in the trait within a large sample of people that can be linked to genetic differences among those individuals

Answer 13

Heritability

Question 14

Who studied the heredity in plants

Answer 14

Gregor Mendel

Question 15

attempting to breed animals for a particular trait to determine whether the trait is heritable

Answer 15

Selective Breeding

Question 16

3 types of genetic studies

Answer 16

Twin Studies
Adoption Studies
Family Studies

Question 17

the percentage of pairs of people studied in which if one member of a pair displays the trait, the other does too

Answer 17

Concordance Rate

Question 18

Genes turn on and off in patterned ways throughout the lifespan

Answer 18

Epigenetics

Question 19

the effects of genes depend on what kind of environment we experience and how we respond to the environment

Answer 19

Gene-Environment Interaction

Question 20

3 factors that contribute to individual differences in emotionality

Answer 20

Gene
Shared environmental influences
Non-shared environmental influences

Question 21

The basic unit through which genetic information is stored and passed between generations.

Answer 21

Genes

Question 22

common experiences that work to make them similar (e.g. parenting style)

Answer 22

Shared environmental influences

Question 23

unique experiences to the individual those who are not shared with other members of the family (e.g., parental favoritism)

Answer 23

Non-shared environmental influences

Question 24

3 kinds of Gene-environment correlations

Answer 24

Passive Gene- Environment
Evocative Gene-Environment
Active Gene-Environment

Question 25

parent provide for their children is influenced partly by the parents' genotypes

Answer 25

Passive Gene-environment

Question 26

child's genotype evokes certain kind of reactions from other people

Answer 26

Evocative Gene-environment

Question 27

children's genotype influence the kinds of environment they seek

Answer 27

Active Gene-Environment

Question 28

consists of inborn traits and characteristics provided by the child's parents (Nature)

Answer 28

Heredity

Question 29

influences stems from the outside body, starting from conception throughout life (Nurture)

Answer 29

Environment

Question 30

people differ in gender, height, weight, and body build; in health and energy level, etc.

Answer 30

Individual differences

Question 31

Nuclear and Extended Family

Answer 31

Family

Question 32

What are the Context of Development

Answer 32

Family Socioeconomic Status Culture Gender History

Question 33

combination of economic and social factors describing an individual or family, including income, education, and occupation

Answer 33

Socioeconomic Status

Question 34

society's or group's total way of life

Answer 34

Culture

Question 35

What are the 2 types of Culture

Answer 35

Ethnic Gloss Race

Question 36

overgeneralization that obscures or blurs variations

Answer 36

Ethnic Gloss

Question 37

identifiable biological category, is more accurately defined social construct

Answer 37

Race

Question 38

social construct and generally based on the norms, behaviors, and societal roles expected of individuals based primarily on their sex.

Answer 38

Gender

Question 39

study of the prior events and the lives of people.

Answer 39

History

Question 40

biological or environmental events that affect many or most people in a society in a similar ways and events that touch only certain individuals

Answer 40

Normative influences

Question 41

What are the 2 types of Normative influences

Answer 41

Normative Age-Graded influences Normative History - graded influences

Question 42

group of people who experience the event at a formative time in their lives

Answer 42

Historical Generation

Question 43

group of people born at about the same time

Answer 43

Age Cohort

Question 44

What are the two types of Normative History - Graded Influences

Answer 44

Historical Generation Age Cohort

Question 45

unusual events that have major impact on individual lives because they disturb the expected sequence of the life cycle

Answer 45

Non-normative

Question 46

instinctively follow the first moving object they see

Answer 46

imprinting

Question 47

specific time when a given event , or its absence, has a specific impact on development

Answer 47

Critical Period

Question 48

when developing person is especially responsive to certain kind of experience

Answer 48

Sensitive Period

Question 49

modifiability of performance; the capacity to be shaped, molded, or altered; neuroplasticity, then, is the ability for the brain to adapt or change over time, by creating new neurons and building new networks.

Answer 49

Plasticity

Question 50

set of logically related concepts or statements that seek to describe and explain development and to predict the kinds of behavior that might occur under certain conditions

Answer 50

Theory

Question 51

explanations or predictions that can be tested further by research

Answer 51

Hypothesis

Question 52

father of cognitive psychology - Tabula Rasa / Blank State

Answer 52

John Locke

Question 53

a Genevan philosopher of the Enlightenment era. He is best remembered for his views on political and moral philosophy - in other words, on human nature and human dynamics. He states that children are born "noble savages" who develop according to their own positive natural tendencies if not corrupted by society

Answer 53

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 54

people are like machines that react to environmental input

Answer 54

Mechanistic Model

Question 55

people as active, growing organism that set their own development in motion; initiate events, and do not just react

Answer 55

Organismic Model

Question 56

gradual and incremental

Answer 56

continuous

Question 57

abrupt or uneven

Answer 57

discontinous

Question 58

change in number or amount, such as height, weight, or vocabulary size

Answer 58

Quantitative Change

Question 59

emergence of new phenomena that could not be easily predicted on the basis of the past basic functioning

Answer 59

Qualitative Change

Question 60

emphasized the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" in shaping behavior

Answer 60

Evolutionary Psychology