DI Quiz 3

Question 1

Articular processes

Answer 1

• dorsally located
• diarthrodial joint
• commonly develop rad signs of DJD
• Cause back pain?
  
  • maybe, uncommon
  • Cervical spondylomyelopathy
    
    • neural compression as osteophytes impinge on vertebral canal

Question 2

Degenerative joint disease present?

Answer 2

A!

Question 3

DJD present?

Answer 3

A

Question 4

DJD present?

Answer 4

A, B, C

not painful

Question 5

Cauda Equina Syndrome affects which vertebrae?

Answer 5

• L7-S1
  
  • chronic instability, spondylosis, disc protrusion, stenosis of vertebral canal
• leads to nerve root impingement
• very common problem

Question 6

Cauda Equina Syndrome Clinical signs

Answer 6

• Most common is LS pain
  
  • decreased willingness to jump & climb stairs
  • low tail carriage
  • reduced tail wagging
  • difficulty posturing to defecate

primarily big dogs

Question 7

Where does the spinal cord end?

Answer 7

around L5

Question 8

Cauda Equina Syndrome predisposed by

Answer 8

LS transitional vertebra

Question 9

Radiographs are not diagnostic but can sometimes show…

Answer 9

Stenosis

(need CT or MRI)

Question 10

Treatment for cauda equina syndrome

Answer 10

• Pain only
  
  • NSAIDS
  • weight reduction
  • epidural steroid injections
• Unresponsive pain +/- deficits
  
  • surgery- dorsal laminectomy

Question 11

What are the arrows pointing out?

Answer 11

endplate lysis

discospondylitis- inflam of disc and spine

Question 12

What is the hallmark radiographic sign of discospondylitis?

Answer 12

endplate lysis

Question 13

Discospondylitis is an infection of….

Answer 13

• infection of disc with involvement of adjacent endplates
• usually bacterial
  
  • staph
  • gram neg or brucella canis
• hematogenous spread
  
  • UTI- do urine & blood culture
• back pain

Question 14

Wobbler Disease

Answer 14

• need MRI, rads can be suggestive
• progressive cervical myelopathy
• two forms
  
  • disc associated compression (doberman 7yrs)
  • osseous associated compression (great dane 4yr)

Question 15

Chihuahua, Male, 2 yrs

progressive teraparesis and ataxia

signs present for several weeks

dog has always been clumsy, but has deteriorated

Physical findings: tetraparetic gait, barely ambulatory, spasticity of thoracic limbs, postural reactions decreased in all 4 legs

Where is the lesion?

Answer 15

classical cervical sign

• malalignment b/t C1 and C2
• no visible dens
• no VD view
• diagnosis: atlantoaxial subluxation
• expensive surgery can correc this

Question 16

Atlantoaxial subluxation

Answer 16

• trauma can cause in any breed
• congenital predisposition in toy breeds
• there may be an underlying ligament abnormality
• increased distance b/t C1 and C2
  
  • lamina are not parellel
  • dens may be small or missing
• best visualized on lateral view
• be careful when positioning dog

Question 17

What is the abnormality?

Answer 17

Atlantoaxial subluxation

Question 18

What is the abnormality?

Answer 18

Atlantoaxial subluxation

Question 19

Hemivertebra

Answer 19

• common in brachycephalic dogs
• cannot assess significance from survey radiographs
• may not be causing CS
• best assessed with MRI
• vertebrae are shaped like a butterfly

Question 20

What is the spinal abnormality?

Answer 20

Hemivertebra

(boston terriers, pugs)

Question 21

What is the spinal abnormality?

Answer 21

Hemivertebra

Question 22

Scintigraphy

Answer 22

• screens for increased or decreased bone metabolic activity “bone scan”
• “soft tissue scan” where hot spots of increased activity are attributed to areas of greater blood supply and inflammation

Question 23

What kind of scan is this and what are we looking for?

Answer 23

scintigraphy

hot spots

Question 24

How many views are required for equine joints?

Answer 24

four views bc of the complexity of equine joints

lateromedial

dorsopalmar (plantar)

DMPLO

DLPMO

Question 25

Name the view

Answer 25

Dorsopalmar

Question 26

Name the view

Answer 26

Lateromedial

Question 27

Name the view

Answer 27

DMPLO dosal lateral medial palmar

Question 28

Name the view

Answer 28

DLPMO dorsal medial lateral palmar

Question 29

Answer 29

carpus

Question 30

Answer 30

DM

Question 31

When obtaining images of the distal extremity in a horse, what 3 things help with technical quality?

Answer 31

remove shoes clean lateral sulci pack with a moldable material (fill it so you dont have artifacts)

Question 32

What joint is the most commonly affected in horses with hind limb lameness?

Answer 32

tarsus the lateral trochlear ridge can be identified by the large notch at its distal aspect medial trochlear ridge can have variable appearances

Question 33

Osteochondrosis (OCD)

Answer 33

* common in tarsocrural joint, often bilateral * most common location: * **_Intermediate ridge of the distal tibia (DIRT)- seen best on the DMPLO view_** * lateral trochlear ridge of talus * medial ridge also affected * fragments can settle far at the bottom of the joint

Question 34

What is the red circle indicating?

Answer 34

osteochondrosis (OCD)

Question 35

What is the most common cause of lameness associated with tarsus?

Answer 35

DJD- degenerative joint dz

Question 36

DJD- Degenerative Joint Disease

Answer 36

periarticular osteophyte formation is the most common finding advanced disease may have subchondral bone lysis and narrowing of the joint space

Question 37

What is the abnormality?

Answer 37

DJD- degenerative joint dz