Diabetes Flashcards
(38 cards)
What type of diabetes do most children have?
Type 1
Pediatric Plasma Glucose level for diabetes diagnosis
11.1 or higher with symptoms
Pediatric Fasting Glucose level for diabetes diagnosis
Greater than or equal to 7
Pediatric Oral Glucose Tolerance Test level for diabetes diagnosis
Greater than or equal to 11
Pediatric Random Plasma Glucose level for diabetes diagnosis
Greater than or equal to 11.1
Purpose of A1C in pediatric diabetes
Monitoring, not diagnosis
When is the peak incidence of type 1 diabetes
4-6yrs and 10-14yrs
Type 1 Diabetes Definition
Autoimmune destruction of insulin producing beta cells resulting in complete insulin deficiency
What are the main therapy for type 1 diabetes?
Insulin injections
Describe the incidence of T2DM in Saskatchewan
increasing, disproportionately affecting Indigenous, women > men
Projected global T2DM adolescent increase
49% in next 3 years
What ethnic groups are disproportionately affected by T2DM?
Asian, Indigenous, African
Recent research found that Indigenous youth with diabetes experience higher long-term risks for ________________ and ____________ than non-first Nation
end stage renal disease and death
What is important to consider about young people with diabetes in regards to their metabolism?
They have prolonged exposure; within 10 years of diagnosis complications develop
70 yr old developing complications at 80 vs 8 year old developing complications at 18
Why is coverage for diabetic devices and medication not covered in treaties?
Formed before diabetes was in Indigenous populations; treatment not covered by treaties
What is the most important risk factor for T2 diabetes?
Obesity
Following obesity, what is the next most significant risk factor for diabetes?
family history
Why might complications of T2DM occur more quickly in adolescents than adults?
loss of B-cell function is accelerated in young type 2 diabetes, leading to premature development of complications, with adverse effects on quality of life and long-term outcomes
What 5 things are those with T2DM at increased risk for?
Kidney Disease
Retinopathy
Neuropathy
Dyslipidemia
Hypertension
What is glycosylated hemoglobin?
What the A1C test measures;
a form of hemoglobin used primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time.
Why is there a higher parameter for pediatric A1C values?
To assure hypoglycemia doesn’t occur r/t children’s increased metabolism
Explain the pathophysiology of DKA
- occurs when there isn’t enough insulin (T1DM) so glucose is in the blood, not being used by cells
- body breaks down fat for energy creating ketones
- ketones can make the blood acidic, which causes dehydration and confusion
Why does dehydration occur in DKA?
- Body tries to get rid of ketones through osmotic diuresis
- Increased urination leads to increased thirst
What is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children with diabetes?
DKA
