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Growth and Development Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Head and Neck Gross Motor of Newborn

A

Barely able to lift head

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2
Q

What is the moro reflex and when does it disappear?

A

Startle; 4 months

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3
Q

What is the rooting reflex and when does it disappear?

A

turns toward cheek stroke; 3 months

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4
Q

When does the sucking reflex disappear?

A

2-5 months

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5
Q

When does the palmar grasp reflex disappear?

A

4-6 months

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6
Q

When does the plantar grasp reflex disappear?

A

9 months

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7
Q

Head and Neck Gross Motor 6 months

A

Lifts head, chest, upper abdomen and can bear weight on arms

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8
Q

When does the babinski reflex disappear?

A

12 months

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9
Q

Sitting gross motor 2 months

A

needs assistance; some core muscle

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10
Q

Sitting gross motor 6 months

A

can sit alone in the tripod position; unstable

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11
Q

Sitting gross motor 8 months

A

can sit without support and engage in play

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12
Q

When does a baby start rolling and how do they accomplish this

A

4-5 months from tummies to back first, then back to front..

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13
Q

When can a child stand independently from crawl position?

A

1 year

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14
Q

When can a child child/toddle quickly?

A

13 months

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15
Q

When should a child be able to run?

A

15 months

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16
Q

Fine motor of newborn

A

Objects involuntarily grasped and dropped without notice

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17
Q

Fine motor of 4 month

A

arm control; batting at mobile above crib

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18
Q

Fine motor of 6 month old

A

Palmar grasp; uses entire hand

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19
Q

Fine motor of 9 month old

A

Pincer grasp; uses thumb and forefinger

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20
Q

Speech and language 8-9 months

A

mama/dada as sounds

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20
Q

Speech and language 1-2 months

A

coos

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21
Q

Speech and language 10-12 months

A

mama/dada to communicate

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22
Q

Speech and language 18-20 months

A

20-30 words; 50% understood by strangers

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23
Q

Speech and language 22-24 months

A

2 word sentences, 75% understood by strangers

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24
Speech and language 30-36 months
Almost all speech understood by strangers
25
Describe Infant Play
Solitary play: won't play with another baby beside them or share
26
At what age is a fisted position of hand a red flag?
6 months
27
At what age is not bringing hands to midline a red flag
10 months
28
At what age is not smiling a red flag
4 months
29
Describe the gross motor of a toddler
walks, runs, kicks and throws, can jump on one foot
30
Fine motor of 12 month old
transfers object from hand to hand
31
Fine motor of 24 month
Begins to color, turn pages of books, builds tower
32
Fine motor of 36 months
Colors within the lines
33
Fine motor of 5 year old
beginning to write letters/write their name, draws person with some body parts/picture that anybody can recognize
34
When does stranger anxiety subside?
2.5-3
35
Describe toddler play
Parallel Play: beside, but not with eachother
36
What age is not walking a red flag?
18 months
37
Describe red flags in assessment of a toddler
- unaware of environmental changes - poor/no eye contact - difficulty calming self - not responding to noise - not engaging in pretend play
38
What are the fine motor/cognitive skills of a preschool child?
* Buttoning clothing * Holding a crayon / pencil * Building with small blocks * Using scissors * Playing a board game * Have child draw picture of himself
39
What type of play do preschool children engage in?
Associative Play: begin to interact with each other and become helpful
40
What are potential red flags in preschool age children?
- lack of socialization - inability to carry out self care tasks - unable to undo large buttons
41
At what age do children usually join team sports
6-8
42
What kind of play do school aged children engage in?
Cooperative Play: Playing together as a team
42
What are potential red flags in school age children?
- lack of friends - academic failure - aggressive behaviour
43
What is the typical weight gain from 2-6 months?
10-30 grams/day or 70-210 grams/week
44
What is the typical height advancement from 2-6 months?
1.5cm/month
45
What is the typical gain in head circumference from 2-6months?
1.5cm/months
45
Describe the weight of a child at 5 and 12 months compared to birth?
Doubles then triples
46
Define the growth spurt girls undergo
gain about 7-25 kg over 2-3 years Height - 11-30 cm
47
Define the growth spurt boys undergo
gain 7-29.5 kg over 2-3 years Height - 11-30 cm
48
When should solid foods/cups be introduced?
6 months
49
What psychosocial stage are infants in?
trust vs mistrust
50
What is the psychosocial stage of a 2 year old?
Autonomy v Shame/Doubt; individuation from parents
51
What growth/development stage exhibits negativism?
Toddlers
52
When is toilet training generally complete?
3-5 years with myelination of the spinal cord
53
What psychosocial stage is a preschool child in?
Initiative vs Guilt
54
What area undergoes the biggest refinement in preschool children?
Fine motor
55
What area of growth is most rapid in school aged children?
Social and cognitive, as physical slows
56
What psychosocial stage do school aged children undergo?
Industry vs Inferiority
57
What psychosocial stage do adolescence undergo?
Identity vs Role Confusion
58
Define autosomal dominant inheritance
A single copy of the mutated gene from one parent is enough to cause the disorder. If you have the gene you have the disorder.
59
What % chance does a child have of receiving of an autosomal dominant condition is a parent is affected?
50%
60
True or false: Autosomal Dominant Inheritance is gender specific
False
61
Explain Autosomal Recessive Disorders
Two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order for the disease/trait to develop.
62
If both parents are carriers of a autosomal recessive disorder, what are the chances each child receives it?
Each child has 50% chance of being a carrier and 25% chance of inheriting the disorder
63
Huntington's is an example of a: _________ inheritance disorder
Autosomal Dominant
64
Cystic Fibrosis is an example of a ____________ inheritance disorder
Autosomal Recessive
65
Why are men more at risk for x-linked recessive disorders?
Males only have one X and a single recessive gene on the X will cause the disease. Women are protected by second X. Men WILL receive their X from their mother, so the male child of a female carrier has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition/gene.
66
What are the 2 types of chromosomal abnormalities?
Numerical and Structural
67
Define structural chromosomal abnormality
Part of chromosome is added or missing
67
Define numerical chromosomal abnormality
Entire single chromosome is added or missing
68
Define trisomy
When each body cell contains an extra copy of one chromosome
69
Which type of chromosomal abnormality is down syndrome?
Trisomy/numerical Every cell contains 3 copies of chromosome 21
70
Define monosomy
Occurs when each cell has a missing chromosome
71
Define Turner's Syndrome
The only monosomy condition compatible with life; single X in females
72
Define Klinefelter Syndrome
Occurs in boys who have an extra No super obvious red flags (language delay, auditory processing)
73
What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?
An X-Linked Recessive Disorder in boys
74
What are the symptoms and when do they occur of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?
Onset in first 3-4 years -Pseudohypertrophy of calves - Loss of endurance/strength in legs and pelvis
75
What is a sign of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?
Using arm strength to stand as opposed to legs

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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