Diabetes Flashcards
(38 cards)
Know the difference between type 1 and type 2 Dm (table 48.1)
Know presenting signs/symptoms of both types of diabetes, and long term complications
Be able to discuss patient teaching related to diet, insulin use, biguanide use, sulfonyureas and GLP-1s
Know the different insulins-onset, peak, duration-Figure 48.4, tables 48.3, 48.4
Know signs/symptoms of hyper/hypoglycemia and how the nurse would intervene in a conscious patient and in an unconscious patient
Understand the difference between Diabetic Ketoacidosis &
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia Syndrome, who is at risk for each, what are the risk factors, and what are the treatments
What is diabetes type 1?
An autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells
- pretty much self-destruction of the insulin needed
what is diabetes type 2?
Few insulin problem is that you
insulin resistance or decreased insulin production
what are risk factors for developing diabetes type 1?
nothing, its just genetic
whats the biggest risk factor for developing diabetes type 2?
your diet and lack of exercise really are the biggest
what do we screen for patients who are at risk for developing diabetes?
metabolic syndrome
what are the 4 criteria for developing metabolic syndrome?
high bp
high sugar
obese (+35 women, +45 males)
high cholesterol
what are common skin conditions patients with diabetes end up having?
this heavyyy brown skin pigmentation around the armpit and neck
diagnostic labs
whats normal range of sugar?
whats fasting range of sugar?
whats normal GTT tolerance?
whats A1C level?
70-100
under 100
under 140
under 5.7
whats a GTT test?
give a high sugar juice to see if the insulin the body does its job
what are the 3ps of hyperglycemia?
polyuria - too much pee
polydipsia - too much drink
polyphagia - too much plates (hunger)
what are causes for hyperglycemia?
the big 4 S’s!!
sepsis
stress ( surgery )
skip insulins
steroids
how do we treat hyperglycemia?
insulin
what are the hypoglycemia signs and symptoms?
there is a anagram
( highway)
headache
irriable
weakness
anxious & treambling
sweaty
hungery
if the patient is awake during their hypoglycemia event
what do we give?
awake
ask to eat, juice, soda, crackers,low fat milk
(NOT HIGH FAT MILK OR PEANUT BUTTER)
if the patient is unconcious for their hypoglycemia event
what do we give?
stab with IV D50
or Glucagon
what are causes of hypoglycemia?
exercise
alcohol
insulin peak times
what are common complications of having diabetes?
nephropathy - cant pee
retinopathy - cant see
neuropathy - cant feel
HTN
atherosclerosis
strokes
whats the first line of treatment of diabetes 2?
diet, exercise!
if not, oral medication and injections
what are the 7 concerns we need to worry about insulins?
give food during when
watch out for
no peak for what?
iv only for ?
draw up how?
can we give insulins during patients sick days?
- give food during peak times
- deadly hypoglycemia symptoms
- NO peak NO mix
- IV only - Regular
- Draw up : clear to cloudy
6 : rotation locations, umbilicus, naval
( no massage, heat ) - DKA concerns “sick days”
- yes!!
what are the rapid acting insulins names? (3)
what is their onset?
what is their peak?
what is their duration?
aspart/lispro/glulisine
15mintues
30-90mins
3-5hours
what is the regular insulins?
whats so special about this^
what is their peak?
what is their duration?
ready to go in IV push or bag
2-4hours
5-8hours
what is the NPH insulin?
whats so special about this^
how do we adminitster it?^
what is their peak?
what is their duration?
intermediate, never through IV
mix clear 2 cloudy
4-12hours
14hours+
what are the long acting insulin names?(3)
whats so special about this?
what is their duration?
determir, glargine, lantus
you never mix with anything else
24+hours
