Diabetes

Question 1

What drug class does metformin belong to?

Answer 1

Biguanides

Question 2

What drug class does Acarbose belong to?

Answer 2

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Question 3

What drug class does Glibenclimide belong to?

Answer 3

Sulfonylureas

Question 4

What drug class does Dapaglifozin belong to?

Answer 4

SGLT-2 inhibitors

Question 5

What drug class does Rosiglitazone belong to?

Answer 5

Thiazolinediodes

Question 6

True/False: Gliclizide insulin release from pancreas

Answer 6

False, triggers insulin secretion, increases B-cell sensitivity to glucose & decreases hepatic glucose production

Question 7

True/False: Insulin injections cause lipodystophy at the injection site

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True/False: Metmorfin causes diarrhoea as an A/E

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Classify each of the following as either, ultra-short acting, intermediate-acting or long-acting:
Isophane
Lispro
Glargine
Aspart
Determir
Glulisine

Answer 9

Isophane - intermdiate
Lispro - ultra-short acting
Glargine - long-acting
Aspart - ultra-short acting
Determir - long-acting
Glulisine - ultra-short acting

Question 10

True/False: Insulin decreases lipogenesis

Answer 10

False, Insulin increases lipogenesis (anabolic hormone)

Question 11

True/false: prednisone decreases the hypoglycaemic effects of insulin

Answer 11

True
Prednisone increases blood glucose levels
Insulin decreases blood glucose level by increasing cellular uptake
This counteracts insulin’s blood-glucose-lowering effects, making it less effective. Thus, prednisone decreases insulin’s hypoglycaemic action

Question 12

True/false: the basal bolus regimen confers a tighter glycaemic control than the twice daily regimen

Answer 12

True, the basal-bolus regimen mimics physiological insulin secretion more closely

Question 13

True/False: insulin isophane has a faster onset of action than insulin aspart

Answer 13

False, aspart = ultra-fast acting AND isophane = intermediate acting

Question 14

True/False: propanalol masks the symptoms of hypoglycaemia

Answer 14

True, beta blockers mask hypoglycaemic effects of insulin

Question 15

True/False: sitagliptin is an incretin enhancer

Answer 15

True, DPP-4 inactivates incretins (GLP-2 & GIP), thus DPP-4 inhibitors enhance the effects of incretins

Question 16

True/False: glibenclamide is more likely to cause weight gain than metformin

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Ture/False: liraglutide is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

Answer 17

False, -tides are incretin mimetics

Question 18

True/False: exenatide is administered orally

Answer 18

False, falls under injectables (SC administrations)

Question 19

True/False: rosiglitazone increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscles

Answer 19

True, thiazolinediodes increase insulin uptake in adipose & muscles

Question 20

True/false: in the treatment of ketoacidosis, soluble insulin is administered intravenously.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True/fasle: insulin aspart has a more rapid onset of action than insulin glargine.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

True/false: insulin aspart is safe to use during breastfeeding.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

True/false: carvedilol masks the symptoms of hyperglycaemia.

Answer 23

False, hypoglycaemia

Question 24

True/false: sitagliptin is an inducer of DPP-4.

Answer 24

False, inhibits DPP-4

Question 25

True/false: glibenclamide has a longer duration of action than gliclazide.

Answer 25

True, Glibenclamide has a longer half-life and increased risk of prolonged hypoglycaemia

Question 26

True/false: gliclazide is more likely to cause lactic acidosis than metformin.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

True/false: gliclazide is safe to use in combination with metformin.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

True/false: metformin causes insulin release from pancreas.

Answer 28

False, improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production

Question 29

True/false: in patients with pneumonia, insulin requirements are increased.

Answer 29

True, Infection/stress increases insulin resistance and raises insulin needs

Question 30

True/false: insulin aspart is contraindicated in pregnancy.

Answer 30

False, Insulin aspart is safe in pregnancy

Question 31

T/F: regular insulin has a longer DOA than glargine.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

True/false: repeated subcutaneous use of insulin at the same injection site can cause lipodystrophy.

Answer 32

True,

Question 33

True/false: glicazide inhibits the release of endogenous insulin.

Answer 33

False, Gliclazide is a sulfonylurea – it stimulates endogenous insulin release

Question 34

True/false: metformin is prescribed when there is no endogenous insulin present in the patient.

Answer 34

False, Metformin requires some insulin activity to work therefore not used to Rx type 1 diabetes

Question 35

True/false: infections increases the requirement for insulin.

Answer 35

True, Infection causes insulin resistance, increasing insulin needs

Question 36

True/false: metformin is safe to use during pregnancy.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

True/false: rosiglitazone is an insulin secretagogue.

Answer 37

False, rosiglitazone is a PPAR-γ agonist → increases insulin sensitivity, not secretion

Question 38

True/false: metformin is more likely to cause hypoglycaemia as an adverse effect than gliclazide

Answer 38

False, Gliclazide (sulfonylurea) is more likely to cause hypoglycaemia. Metformin rarely causes hypoglycaemia on its own

Question 39

Which drug classes are considered secretagogues?

Answer 39

Incretin mimetics, DPP-4 inhibitors, SUs

Question 40

Which drug classes decrease hepatic glucose production?

Answer 40

SUs, Biguanides (metformin), Thiazolinediones

Question 41

True/false: sitagliptin delays the absorption of carbohydrates from the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 41

False, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (eg: acarbose & miglitol) delay carbohydrate digestion & absorption in the small intestine