Diabetes

Question 1

what is diabetes mellitus

Answer 1

is a chronic multisystem disease characterized by hyperglycemia related to abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization, or both.

Question 2

what # leading cause of death is diabetes

Answer 2

7th

Question 3

what does diabetes contribute to

Answer 3

heart disease and stroke

Question 4

_ and _ people have diabetes

Answer 4

1 and 9

Question 5

what is the goal of managing diabetes

Answer 5

euglycemia

Question 6

what is euglycemia

Answer 6

normal glucose levels

BG: 70-140

Question 7

what is hypoglycemia

Answer 7

low glucose levels

BG: less than 70

Question 8

what is hyperglycemia

Answer 8

high glucose levels

BG: over 140

Question 9

what is the normal fasting blood sugars

Answer 9

70-100

usually no food for 8 hours

Question 10

what is the normal fed blood sugars

Answer 10

70-140
have eaten (euglycemia)

Question 11

what is the criteria for testing for diabetes

Answer 11

ALL OVERWEIGHT ADULTS +

• physical inactivity
• first degree relative with DM
• high risk race
• females who had overweight babies
• hypertension
• women with polycystic ovary syndrome
• abnormal lipid levels

Question 12

what is the over weight BMI

Answer 12

over 25

Question 13

what is the overweight BMI for asians

Answer 13

23

Question 14

If over the age of 45 and the results are normal how many years do you need to get checked

Answer 14

every 3

Question 15

insulin is a hormone secreted by the

Answer 15

beta cells in the islets of the pancreas

Question 16

what is anabolic activity of insulin

Answer 16

is stored as storage hormone

Question 17

what is catabolic activity of insulin

Answer 17

glycogen to glucose breakdown

Question 18

what are the couterregulatory hormones

Answer 18

increase blood sugars

• glucagon
• epinephrine
• growth hormone
• cortisol

Question 19

where is glucagon secreted

Answer 19

alpha cells of pancreas

Question 20

where is epinephrine secreted

Answer 20

adrenal medulla

Question 21

where is growth hormone secreted

Answer 21

pitutiary

Question 22

where is cortisol secreted

Answer 22

adrenal cortex

Question 23

what are the characteristics of type 1 diabetes

Answer 23

• young, before 40
• thin
• poly symptoms
• ketosis
• abrupt onset followed by honeymoon

Question 24

what is polyuria

Answer 24

frequent urination

Question 25

what is polyphagia

Answer 25

excessive hunger

Question 26

what is polydispia

Answer 26

excessive thirst

Question 27

what is the etiology of type 1 diabetes

Answer 27

autoimmune environmental trigger genetic predisposition progressive beta cell destruction

Question 28

what is the etiology of type 2 diabetes

Answer 28

insulin resistance beta cell defect adipokines abnormal hepatic glucose regualtion

Question 29

what babies are more likely to have type 2 diabetes

Answer 29

born with low birth weight

Question 30

what % of population have type 2 diabetes

Answer 30

90-95%

Question 31

what are some characteristics of type 2 diabetes

Answer 31

- insidiuos onset= slow - ketosis-resistant - polys plus fatigue, visual change, weight loss, recurrent infections

Question 32

what countries are high for type 2 diabetes

Answer 32

china and asia

Question 33

which genetic influence is highest for type 2 diabetes

Answer 33

native americans hispanic african americans

Question 34

what is the criteria for diagnosis of type 2

Answer 34

- random plasma glucose greater than 200 with class poly symptoms - fasting plasma glucose greater than 126 - oral glucose tolerance test greater than 200 - A1C greater than 6.5% - must be confirmed on a different day

Question 35

what is the oral glucose tolerance test

Answer 35

given a lot of sugar and then test

Question 36

what is the A1C

Answer 36

average blood sugar over 2-3 months

Question 37

what is the first question before testing blood sugars

Answer 37

when they last ate

Question 38

what are the diabetes prevention program

Answer 38

maintain minimum 7% weight loss - 150 min of physical activity per week - healthy diet

Question 39

what is the normal fasting state

Answer 39

less than 100

Question 40

what is the pre diabetes fasting state

Answer 40

greater than 100

Question 41

what is the diabetes fasting state

Answer 41

less than 126 | greater than 100

Question 42

what is the normal fed state

Answer 42

less than 140

Question 43

what is the pre diabetes fed state

Answer 43

less than 200 | greater than 140

Question 44

what is the diabetes fed state

Answer 44

greater than 200

Question 45

women with gestational diabetes have a higher risk for

Answer 45

C section | babies with birth injury, neonatal complications or prenatal death

Question 46

women with gestational diabetes have a high risk for what after pregnancy

Answer 46

type 2 diabetes within 16 years

Question 47

what do carbohydrates do with blood sugar

Answer 47

increase

Question 48

excessive amount of alcohol will lead to

Answer 48

low blood sugar level

Question 49

what should the goals of nutrition therapy for the patient with type 2 include a. ideal body weight b. normal serum glucose and lipid levels c. special diabetic diet using special foods d. five small meals a day with a snack

Answer 49

B

Question 50

why are the hormones glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol referred to as counter regulatory hormone a. decrease glucose production b. stimulate glucose output by liver c. increase glucose transport into the cell

Answer 50

B

Question 51

In type 1 diabetes there is an osmotic effect of glucose when insulin deficiency presents the use of glucose for energy, which classic symptom is caused by the osmotic effect of glucose a. fatigue b. polydipsia c. polyphasgia

Answer 51

B

Question 52

``` which lab result would indicate patient has pre diabetes A. OGGT of 132 B. OGGT of 240 C. FBG of 80 D. FBG of 120 ```

Answer 52

D

Question 53

A client who ate breakfast has blood sugar of 136 a. normal B. indicative of diabetes C. indicative of impaired fasting glucose D. indicative of impaired glucose tolerance

Answer 53

A