Flashcards in Diabetes Deck (13)
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1
How to diagnose diabetes?
Symptoms and random plasma glucose > 11.1mol
Fasting plasma > 7.7mol
HbA1c >48mmol/L
2
Normal blood glucose?
4-7mmol/l
3
Symptoms of diabetes (type I)
Increased thirst, polyuria, weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, nausea
4
Define type I and type II diabetes?
Type 1: autoimmune condition causing destruction of beta cells in islets of langerhans --> insulin dependent
Type 2: combination of insulin resistance and and insulin deficiency
5
Difference between type I and type II?
Type I - sudden onset of symptoms
Type II - asymptomatic for long periods - can get long term complications presenting if undiagnosed
6
What are micro and macrovascular symptoms of diabetes?
Macro: stroke, MI, peripheral vascular disease
Micro: retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy
7
Tx of type I diabetes?
Insulin
8
Symptoms of hypoglycaemia
Shaking, increase HR, sweating, dizzy, hunger, impaired vision, irritable
9
Symptoms seen type II diabetes?
Increased weight - central obesity, hypertension
10
Tx type II?
1. Weight loss and lifestyle
2. Medications
11
Name medications that can be used in type II diabetes
Insulin
Metformin - doesn't cause hypoglycaemia or weight gain
Sulphonylureas - stimulate insulin release e.g gliclazide
Others: insulin, ascarbose, pioglitazone
12
Emergency management of hypoglycaemic pt?
Depend on level of consciousness
1. Oral glucose - 10-20mg - check blood sugar levels can be repeated
2. IM 1mg glucagon
3. IV glucose 75ml 20% glucose, 100ml 10% glucose
13
