Diabetes and Insulin Flashcards
(8 cards)
1
Q
What causes Type 1 diabetes?
A
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells –> no insulin
2
Q
What causes Type 2 diabetes?
A
Insulin resisitance, often linked to obesity
3
Q
What are common symptoms of diabetes?
A
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Fatigue
Blurry vision
Ketoacidosis
4
Q
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
A
A serious complication from excess keton body production
5
Q
How are keton bodies produced?
A
From excess fatty acid oxidation
6
Q
What triggers insulin release from β-cells?
A
Glucose metabolism increases ATP, closing K+ channels, leading to Ca2+ influx
7
Q
How does insulin regulate glycogen synthase?
A
Via kinase cascade that inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)
8
Q
What other hormones stimulate insulin relase?
A
Incretins like GLP-1 and GIP
