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Advanced Pharm Fall 24' > Diabetes Drugs > Flashcards

Diabetes Drugs Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

What is the drug class of Insulin Rapid Acting?

A

Rapid-acting insulin

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Insulin Rapid Acting?

A

Mimics natural insulin, facilitating glucose uptake by cells

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3
Q

What are the drug targets for Insulin Rapid Acting?

A

Insulin receptors on muscle and fat cells

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4
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Insulin Rapid Acting?

A

Onset in 5-15 minutes, peak at 45-75 minutes, duration of 3-5 hours

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5
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Insulin Rapid Acting?

A

Rapid absorption, distributed in extracellular fluid, metabolized by liver and kidneys, excreted in urine

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6
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Insulin Rapid Acting?

A

Varies based on individual needs

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7
Q

What is a key feature of Insulin Rapid Acting?

A

Used for mealtime blood sugar control

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8
Q

What is the drug class of Insulin Short Acting?

A

Short-acting insulin

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Insulin Short Acting?

A

Facilitates glucose uptake by cells

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10
Q

What are the drug targets for Insulin Short Acting?

A

Insulin receptors on muscle and fat cells

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11
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Insulin Short Acting?

A

Onset in 30-60 minutes, peak at 2-4 hours, duration of 6-8 hours

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12
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Insulin Short Acting?

A

Absorbed subcutaneously, distributed in extracellular fluid, metabolized by liver and kidneys, excreted in urine

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13
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Insulin Short Acting?

A

Varies based on individual needs

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14
Q

What is a key feature of Insulin Short Acting?

A

Used for mealtime blood sugar control

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15
Q

What is the drug class of Insulin Intermediate Acting?

A

Intermediate-acting insulin

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Insulin Intermediate Acting?

A

Facilitates glucose uptake by cells

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17
Q

What are the drug targets for Insulin Intermediate Acting?

A

Insulin receptors on muscle and fat cells

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18
Q

What is the expected time for effect of Insulin Intermediate Acting?

A

Onset in about 2 hours, peak at 4-12 hours, duration of 18-26 hours

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19
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Insulin Intermediate Acting?

A

Absorbed subcutaneously, distributed in extracellular fluid, metabolized by liver and kidneys, excreted in urine

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20
Q

What are the dosage ranges for Insulin Intermediate Acting?

A

Varies based on individual needs

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21
Q

What is a key feature of Insulin Intermediate Acting?

A

Provides basal insulin coverage

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22
Q

What is the drug class of Insulin Long Acting?

A

Long-acting insulin

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23
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Insulin Long Acting?

A

Facilitates glucose uptake by cells

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24
Q

What are the drug targets for Insulin Long Acting?

A

Insulin receptors on muscle and fat cells

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25
What is the expected time for effect of Insulin Long Acting?
Onset in 1-2 hours, no peak, duration of 14-24 hours
26
What are the pharmacokinetics of Insulin Long Acting?
Absorbed subcutaneously, distributed in extracellular fluid, metabolized by liver and kidneys, excreted in urine
27
What are the dosage ranges for Insulin Long Acting?
Varies based on individual needs
28
What is a key feature of Insulin Long Acting?
Provides basal insulin coverage
29
What is the drug class of Metformin?
Biguanide
30
What is the mechanism of action for Metformin?
Decreases hepatic glucose production, increases insulin sensitivity
31
What are the drug targets for Metformin?
Liver, muscle cells
32
What is the expected time for effect of Metformin?
Onset in hours, peak at 2-3 hours, duration of 8-12 hours
33
What are the pharmacokinetics of Metformin?
Absorbed in the small intestine, not metabolized, excreted unchanged in urine
34
What are the dosage ranges for Metformin?
500-2000 mg/day
35
What is a key feature of Metformin?
First-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, no risk of hypoglycemia
36
What is the drug class of Sulfonylureas?
Sulfonylureas
37
What is the mechanism of action for Sulfonylureas?
Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
38
What are the drug targets for Sulfonylureas?
Pancreatic beta cells
39
What is the expected time for effect of Sulfonylureas?
Onset in 1-2 hours, peak at 4-6 hours, duration of 12-24 hours
40
What are the pharmacokinetics of Sulfonylureas?
Absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, metabolized by the liver, excreted in urine
41
What are the dosage ranges for Sulfonylureas?
Varies based on specific drug
42
What is a key feature of Sulfonylureas?
Risk of hypoglycemia, weight gain
43
What is the drug class of Thiazolidinediones?
Thiazolidinediones
44
What is the mechanism of action for Thiazolidinediones?
Increases insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat
45
What are the drug targets for Thiazolidinediones?
PPAR-gamma receptors
46
What is the expected time for effect of Thiazolidinediones?
Onset in days to weeks, peak at 4-6 weeks
47
What are the pharmacokinetics of Thiazolidinediones?
Absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, metabolized by the liver, excreted in urine and feces
48
What are the dosage ranges for Thiazolidinediones?
Varies based on specific drug
49
What is a key feature of Thiazolidinediones?
Risk of weight gain, edema, heart failure
50
What is the drug class of Acarbose?
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
51
What is the mechanism of action for Acarbose?
Delays carbohydrate absorption in the intestine
52
What are the drug targets for Acarbose?
Intestinal brush border enzymes
53
What is the expected time for effect of Acarbose?
Onset in 1 hour, peak at 2 hours, duration of 4-6 hours
54
What are the pharmacokinetics of Acarbose?
Minimally absorbed, metabolized by intestinal bacteria, excreted in feces
55
What are the dosage ranges for Acarbose?
25-100 mg three times daily
56
What is a key feature of Acarbose?
Gastrointestinal side effects
57
What is the drug class of Bile Acid Binding Resin?
Bile acid sequestrants
58
What is the mechanism of action for Bile Acid Binding Resin?
Binds bile acids in the intestine, reducing cholesterol absorption
59
What are the drug targets for Bile Acid Binding Resin?
Intestinal bile acids
60
What is the expected time for effect of Bile Acid Binding Resin?
Onset in days, peak at 2-4 weeks
61
What are the pharmacokinetics of Bile Acid Binding Resin?
Not absorbed, excreted in feces
62
What are the dosage ranges for Bile Acid Binding Resin?
Varies based on specific drug
63
What is a key feature of Bile Acid Binding Resin?
Gastrointestinal side effects, may affect absorption of other drugs
64
What is the drug class of Amylin?
Amylin analog
65
What is the mechanism of action for Amylin?
Slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon secretion
66
What are the drug targets for Amylin?
Amylin receptors
67
What is the expected time for effect of Amylin?
Onset in 20 minutes, peak at 1 hour, duration of 3 hours
68
What are the pharmacokinetics of Amylin?
Absorbed subcutaneously, metabolized by the kidneys, excreted in urine
69
What are the dosage ranges for Amylin?
Varies based on specific drug
70
What is a key feature of Amylin?
Used in conjunction with insulin
71
What is the drug class of Semaglutide?
GLP-1 receptor agonist
72
What is the mechanism of action for Semaglutide?
Increases insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion
73
What are the drug targets for Semaglutide?
GLP-1 receptors
74
What is the expected time for effect of Semaglutide?
Onset in 1 hour, peak at 1-3 days, duration of 1 week
75
What are the pharmacokinetics of Semaglutide?
Absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, metabolized by the kidneys, excreted in urine
76
What are the dosage ranges for Semaglutide?
0.25-1 mg once weekly
77
What is a key feature of Semaglutide?
Weight loss, gastrointestinal side effects
78
What is the drug class of Sitagliptin?
DPP-4 inhibitor
79
What is the mechanism of action for Sitagliptin?
Inhibits DPP-4 enzyme, increasing incretin levels
80
What are the drug targets for Sitagliptin?
DPP-4 enzyme
81
What is the expected time for effect of Sitagliptin?
Onset in 1 hour, peak at 1-4 hours, duration of 24 hours
82
What are the pharmacokinetics of Sitagliptin?
Absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, metabolized by the liver, excreted in urine
83
What are the dosage ranges for Sitagliptin?
100 mg once daily
84
What is a key feature of Sitagliptin?
Low risk of hypoglycemia
85
What is the drug class of Gliflozin?
SGLT2 inhibitor
86
What is the mechanism of action for Gliflozin?
Inhibits SGLT2 in the kidneys, reducing glucose reabsorption
87
What are the drug targets for Gliflozin?
SGLT2 receptors
88
What is the expected time for effect of Gliflozin?
Onset in 1 hour, peak at 1-2 hours, duration of 24 hours
89
What are the pharmacokinetics of Gliflozin?
Absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, metabolized by the liver, excreted in urine
90
What are the dosage ranges for Gliflozin?
Varies based on specific drug
91
What is a key feature of Gliflozin?
Weight loss, risk of urinary tract infections

Advanced Pharm Fall 24' (18 decks)

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